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- ItemPerception of natural recreation resources at Inanda(University of Zululand, 1984) Nkosi, Lawrence Jabu.; Magi, L.M.The study is focused to a peri-urban area (Inanda) with its variety of natural outdoor recreation resources which a large part of Inanda population seem not to utilize. These, as for the concern of the study are as follows: picnic areas, camping areas, fishing areas, wilderness areas and watersport areas. Recreation supply is gradually diminishing and demand for recreation space is increasing. Seemingly, that is due to urban encroachment that is rapidly affecting the area.
- ItemThe O+ 1 -> O+ g monopole transition in 112Cd(1985) Rohwer, Erich GottfriedInternal conversion is a nuclear electromagnetic deexcitation process by which an electron is emitted from an atomic elec¬tron shell. This process competes with the emission of gam¬ma-rays from the nucleus- Recently a mini-orange electron spectrometer, for the recording of internal electron spectra, was designed and built at the University of Zululand. The spectrometer has proven to be a very effective apparatus for the detection of internal conversion electrons. The work presented in this dissertation essentially consists of three main parts. Firstly a theoretical study of electro-magnetic deexcitation processes, with special emphasis on in-ternal conversion, is presented. In this dissertation the main field of interest is internal conversion monopole transi¬tions, for which gamma-radiation is strictly prohibited. The monopole matrix element is defined and Its relevance to nu¬clear structure is emphasized. Secondly, a brief description of the mini-orange spectrometer used in this work is presen¬ted, together with a discussion on the transmission charac¬teristics of the apparatus. The method used to determine the transmission curve for a specific configuration, is described in detail, and some experimental results of transmission cur¬ves are given. Thirdly, the details of the experimental arrangement and conditions for the recording of the *AiiCd internal conversion spectrum are given, as well as the ob¬tained results. The 0+1 0+g monopole transition in u*Cd was detected. The recorded spectrum, was analyzed and the results were used to calculate the nuclear structure parame¬ters p(E0) and X(E0/E2). The obtained results compare well with similar results presented in the literature. The results were also compared to some theoretical predictions of these parameters, and it has become evident that none of these nuclear model predictions are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental values. This stresses the significance of experiments of this kind in gaining more information on the structure of the nucleus.
- ItemRecreation areas and facilities at Esikhawini : the present and the future(University of Zululand, 1986) Mkhize, Isidore Bandile.; Magi, L.M.This study has the primary objective of scrutinising recreation facilities which are found at Esikhawini as well as looking into the possibility of providing additional facilities. The study seeks to find out what those in charge of the recreation system think about the provision of recreation areas and facilities at Esikhawini. It also purports to establish what recreation planning strategy is envisaged for the present and future by the Esikhawini recreation Authorities.
- ItemBlack people's cognitions of natural recreation resources in the Natal North-Coastal region(1986) Magi, Lindisizwe Maurice.; Butler-Adam, J.F.; Nieman, W.A.This study was designed to investigate how Black people in the Natal north-coastal region cognize natural recreation resources as they are defined at present. The basis of the research is modeled on the premise that because of existing spatial and socio-economic inequalities in South Africa, Black people may well have a negative attitude towards natural recreation resources. In essence the aims of the study are to: (1) Identify value systems strongly associated with and involved in the formulation of the images and cognitions which Black people have towards natural recreation resources and facilities. (2) Reveal the cognitions which Black people have with regard to the identification, management, utilization and conservation of natural recreation resources and facilities. The procedure used two separate sample populations. The first survey (N=515) investigated the general population's cognitions of and behaviour towards natural recreation resources and facilities. The second survey (N=35) sought to establish the actual background material from organizations or agencies engaged in the administration and management of recreation resources. Data was computer-analyzed using frequencies, univariate procedures and cross tabulations which contained a chi-square test and measures of correlation. These procedures were used to analyze data acquired by means of cognitive statements, photographic images from 24 photographs depicting recreation resources and through use of semantic differential scales. Some of the broad, basic hypotheses the study considers are: (1) That Black people have negative cognitions of natural recreation resources in general; (2) that Black people have a positive frame of mind relating to the aesthetics and conservation of natural recreation resources; (3) that Blacks have a negative cognition of the management of natural recreation resources; and (4) that the current cognitions of natural recreation resources are related to the respondent's "place of residence, standard of education, occupation, sex, age and religion. The study is broadly structured around eight chapters. The first chapter gives an overall orientation to the study and is further methodologically elucidated in Chapter 5. Chapters 2 and 3 discuss the conceptual sources and relationships which exist between geography, recreation, psychology and philosophy. Chapter 3 specifically treats the African philosophical perspectives of the natural recreation environment. On the other hand, chapters 4, 6 and 7 deal with empirical sources in the form of field survey materials of recreation authorities, the general population and their interpretation, respectively. Overall summaries of the study, and of its implications and conclusions are presented in Chapter 8. The major conclusions of the study are: First, that Black people within the north-coastal region of Natal cognize the natural recreation resources positively. Secondly, that whereas there was a positive association of the cognized utilization of natural recreation resources with aesthetic constructs, there was a negative association of the management of these resources with functional constructs such as "inadequate" and "restricted". Thirdly, there were, in general, no significant differences by age, sex, education, occupation and place of residence which affected the cognition and use of resources and facilities either positively or negatively. However, on categorizing the cognitive constructs of recreation resources into "aesthetic" and "functional" attributes, these tended to vary by socio-economic variables. Fourthly, on the strength of the preponderence of cognitive constructs that were aesthetic and abstract, it was concluded that philosophical and cultural value systems are strongly associated with the natural recreation image formulation amongst Black people in the study area. The study has important implications for the management, planning and research of the recreation system in the north-coastal region of Natal. The evaluation of Black cognitions of natural recreation resources is a necessary exercise if the general recreation system in South Africa is to be made equitable and remodelled to cater for every person within the population.
- ItemAfrican tourist potential in the Empangeni-Richards Bay complex(University of Zululand, 1987) Mwandla, Ndodentsha Daniel; Magi, L.M.The aim of this project is to analyse scientifically the Black tourist potentially from the geographic perspective. Mitchell (1979) claims that the geographer as an analyst has the ultimate goal of obtaining insight and understanding of the spatial allocation of resources, relationships between a man his environment, or the complexity of regions. The researcher therefore, undertakes such an academic exercise of analysing the spatial aspects of tourism at the Empangeni - Richards Bay Complex.
- ItemRole of socio-economic status of the residential patterns at Empangeni and Esikhawini(University of Zululand, 1988) Mthembu, Wellington M; Lewis, C.A.; Magi, L.M.The aims of the study are to examine residential patterns in Empangeni and Esikhawini in order to see: ( i) Whether residential patterns are influenced by (or other result of) the socio-economic status and racial composition of the inhabitants of the towns. (ii) Whether they resulted from apartheid planning. Empangeni provides residences for whites while Esikhawini caters for Blacks. During 1988 a White man moved into the latter settlement in which he is prohibited , many Black workers reside temporarily at Empangeni. The two towns then reflects the racial nature of apartheid.
- ItemTraditional healing at Umlazi Township as part of informal business(1990) Mthembu, Johnson Barabas; Maharaj, B.The aim of this study was to investigate how traditional healers operate at Umlazi township with special reference to their socio-economic status, systems of working and their problems and future plans. The study showed that there were more male healers than female healers at Umlazi. The ages of healers ranged between twenty and sixty—nine. Al1 the healers had dependants, although their numbers varied. Most of the traditional healers at Umlazi did not have family members- The majority of healers lived at Umlazi township. Most of the healers worked at Umlazi-Slebe and kwaMnyandu Station and some used publIC transport to their-places of work such as buses, taxis and trains. There were those who walked to their places of business. The costs of transport were low, between R50 and R79 per month. The healers could not tell with precision what their monthly incomes were, they did not keep records of income and expenditure. Most of the healers had only primary education and their training was informal. Most of the healers were once employed in formal industries. Working hours, working days and payment for services differed greatly. The healers provided more services than the formal healing system. Their main problem was absconding. Same healers ^r& in favour of being incorporated into formal healing system.
- ItemOutdoor recreation in KwaNgwanase : a geographical perspective(University of Zululand, 1991) Mthembu, Amos Thembinkosi.; Magi, L.M.The study attempted to examine the effect of the development of outdoor recreation on people's agricultural activities in KwaNgwanase and the assessment of the potentiality of the area for outdoor recreation. The investigation of the use of outdoor recreation resources formed an integral part of the study, A clustered random sampling procedure was used which yielded 50 respondents who lived near the outdoor recreation resources. The questionnaire method was used for data collection. The second sample consisted of the authorities in the outdoor recreation resources. It was found that the community members used the recreation resources for the performance of daily living activities but not for recreation purpose. It was also found that the development of outdoor recreation caused ill-feelings to the conmunity members. The study revealed that that the study area has potential for outdoor recreation.The study highlights that: while productive farming areas in South Africa endowed with good agricultural soils can be developed easily for recreation purpose, marginal areas must be seen from a different perspective. More attention needs to be taken in zoning land-use units so that a balance can exist between the basic human activities.
- ItemPerception of AIDS by Esikhawini community(University of Zululand, 1991) Xaba, Thembisile Elsie.; Mashaba, T.G.; Sibaya, P.T.The aims of the study are to ascertain how much knowledge, members of the community possess with regards to: causes of AIDS, modes of transmission of AIDS, precautionary measures to be takes to prevent AIDS, and to explore community members recommendations regarding AIDS education.
- ItemA geohydrological assessment of the behaviour and response of the Zululand coastal plain to both environmental influences and human activity(1991) Rawlins, Brian Kenneth; Kelbe, B.The Zululand coastal plain on the eastern seaboard of South Africa contains large quantities of readily available fresh water. Lake St Lucia, located within the plain, is a wetland habitat internationally recognised for- its environmental importance. Yet over the past few decades extensive forest developments have taken place within the lake catchment. The considerably higher transpiration rate of the fast growing trees planted there over those of grassland environments they replaced is well established. The effects on the hydrological balance of the lake and its environs of the greater water loss resulting from this land use modification has however been the subject of much speculation. This study analyses the hydrological regime of the eastern shores plain over the 17 years from 1973 to 1990. During this period both wet and dry climatic conditions were experienced, and in 1981 a plantation covering 1100 ha was established. In order to clarify the magnitude and variability of hydrological parameters under natural and under altered conditions, comparisons were made between wet and dry periods, and between grasslands and forested areas. The extent to which plantations have modified the hydrological balance could thus be determined and placed in regional perspective. The study began with reviews of the physiography of the eastern shores catchment area and of the existing data base (chapter 2). Following a substantial upgrading of the hydrometric network (chapter 3), specific data collection took place. The components of the hydrological cycle were then assessed in order to identify differences in hydrological response both to climatic variability and to land use. The results of these assessments are presented as individual sections on meteorology (chapter 4), surface hydrology (chapter 5), and geohydrology (chapter 6). It is the conclusion of the study that in this sub-tropical environment, with shallow depths to groundwater, commercial forests are responsible for an additional consumptive use of water of between 150 and 175 mm/year. In the regional perspective of the water balance of Lake St Lucia, the total forested area of 25 000 ha will thus be seen to lower average inflow to the lake by between 10% and 12%. During extreme dry periods this figure increases to approximately 30%. Although they are greatest during dry climatic cycles, the effects of such a reduction in water yield are at all times significant. In the first place, the water balance of the lake is seriously affected. In the second, with.a reduction in its fresh water input, the salinity balance of the lake cannot but be influenced. In the third, changes in this salinity balance will have a direct impact on the flora and fauna of the lake and its environs. It is to be hoped that following the proposed future removal of the plantations from the eastern shores, the situation will improve. However, the remaining 20 000 ha under commercial forestry on the western shores will continue to have a significant effect upon the hydrology of Lake St Lucia.
- ItemA recreational needs analysis of Eshowe(University of Zululand, 1991) Maytham, Gail; Magi, L.M.The author decided to conduct a survey, to determine the recreational needs of all population groups in Eshowe , More attention was given to the residents of Gezinsila because this is "here the needs are by far the greatest and need to be more urgently addressed. It "as envisaged that the results obtained would enable the Town Council to have some idea of "hat sort of facilities are needed by the people. All too often recreation facilities provided in Black townships have been decided on by Whites with no regard for the needs of the people being taken into account. This lack of regard has been mooted as the reason for both under-utilization and misuse of facilities provided in townships (Hugo: 1974, Wilson & Hattingh :1988). this study may therefore environments The aims of follows: 1. to establish leisure the value be summarized as placed on recreation and by different population groups; 2. to establish the recreation and leisure needs of the different population groups of Eshowe; 3. to make suggestions about the extent and place of need of t he recreation and leisure facilities in the study areas according to the views of the respondents.
- ItemDevelopment of solvent extraction-gas chromatographic method for the identification and determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and some related compounds in metallurgical factories(1991.) Bache, Stewart Ian Richard; Weinert, C.S.A method for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in carbonaceous materials and on particulate Batter produced in the atmosphere during the electrolytic reduction by various methods in the metallurgical industry is presented. The PAH are extracted into hexane with the aid of ultrasound, which is shown to be more efficient than the conventional Soxhlet thimble technique. Cyclohexane and hexane are shown to be more selective extractants for PAH than benzene or acetone. Hexane is preferred because it has a lower boiling point than cyclohexane. Three metnods of identification were investigated. These included thin-layer chromatography (TLCJ, gas chromatography (GO using retention times and indices and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Hexane containing 2 % by volume of N.N -dimethylformaoide was used for the development of a thin-layer chromatograa. This resolved only ten of the twenty PAH investigated adequately. The non-polar OV-101 capillary column used in the GC-MS work did not resolve ten PAH well enough and the mass spectra did not assist in distinguishing overlapping peaks. The separation of individual PAH was optimised using a DB-5 wall-coated open tubular (WCOT) capillary column coupled to a flame ionisation detector. A splitless injection technique was used. Calculated retention indices normalised against four selected PAH. viz. naphthalene, phenanthrene. 1,2-benzophenanthrene and 1.2.6.7-dibenzan-thracene were used for the identification of unknown PAH and some related compounds. Problems encountered with this method of identification of some of the more strongly retained PAH are discussed. The program supplied by "DAPA Scientific (Pty) Ltd." was adapted for quantification of the identified PAH using 1.3,5-triphenylbenzene as internal standard. Suggestions for the adaption of the above analytical method to different matrices are presented.
- ItemThe three environmentally related diseases endemic in the Ongoye region : pattern and control(1992) Ntuli, Maurice Vusi.; Magi, L.M.The prevalence of the three diseases namely malaria fever, typhoid fever and bilharzia (schistosomiasis) comes about as a result of the nature of the environment together with human invasion of such an environment. The most important factor is that, without the human invasion of the environment, there could be no prevalence of these three diseases.· This, therefore, suggests that humans have invaded the mosquito environment and thus contracted malaria fever and spread the same to others. Hum,ans have also invaded the water environment by contaminating water with their excreta and thus spread typhoid fever and bilharzia (schistosomiasis). The three diseases, malaria fever, typhoid fever, and bilharzia
- ItemMtunzini : profile of a recreation town(University of Zululand, 1992) Untiedt, Steve; Mkhize, I.B.The study examines the profile of Mtunzini as a recreation town from four points of view: local whites, visiting whites, local blacks and visiting blacks. The study searches for the common denominators and the glaring differences of opinions amongst those utilising the town's recreation facilities. In so doing, the study attempts to describe the details about the profile which, in some cases, are seen by one group but hidden from the other groups. This study is based on the perceptions of these four groups of recreators towards existing recreation facilities in the town of Mtunzini. These groups are: - local blacks - visiting blacks - local whites and - visiting whites. The purpose of the study is to identify and explain these perceptions in order to facilitate planning of future recreation facilities in Mtunzini. This aim will be partially accomplished by: a) Taking a brief look at Africanist and Western recreation philosophies, b) examining the perceptions of 85 respondents and c) examining the management policies of those managing Mtunzini's recreation facilities at present.
- ItemLand - use changes in Eshowe 1970 - 1990(University of Zululand, 1992) Ndosi Cele, Musa P; Mulder, G.J.; Magi, L.M.The main points underlying the purpose of the study can best be summarized in the following statements : (a) to appreciate the land-use changes in Eshowe and identify the main zones within the area; (b) to reveal the extent of development* which may have occurred within the stipulated time frame (1970 - 1990) ; (c) to identify the relative areas contributing to the different land uses and the changes that have occurred through time; ( d) t o study and disclose how the standard of living has influenced certain land-use changes ; and (e) to show that the character , problems and processes are typical of small town environments .
- ItemA comparative study of certain cultivars of manihot esculenta crantz with special reference to certain morphological characteristics, photosynthesis and water relations.(1992) Zobolo, Alpheus Mpilo; Boshoff, D.N.Cassava {Manihot esculenta Crantz) is cultivated for its tuberous roots. In this study four cultivars MSAF 2, CMC 40, M 170 and M 5 were compared for their yield and morphological and physiological characteristics. The cultivars were planted in the field and in pots. Photosynthesis and transpiration were measured using a portable Infra - red C02 analyser. The leaf chamber had an area of 1120 mm2. Measurements were made between 9:30 and 15:30. The leaf area was determined using a AT area meter. The leaf water potential was measured with a pressure bomb. The chlorophyll a was extracted with 90 % acetone and determined spectrophotometrically. The drying of the plant material was done at 105 °C in an oven. The photosynthetic rate decreased from top to bottom within the plant's canopy. The maximum photosynthetic rate obtained ranged from 8,4 to 10,97 umol CO* m~a s"1. CMC 40 had the lowest leaf photosynthetic rate. The winter retention of LAI and photosynthesis were the lowest in CMC 40. The photosynthetic rate was high in the morning and declined in the afternoon. In MSAF 2 the photosynthetic rate decreased when the leaf water potential was below -0,5 MPa. in CMC 40, M 170 and M 5 the photosynthetic rate decreased when the leaf water potential was below -0,6 MPa. A decrease in the photosynthetic rate with a decreasing leaf water potential was followed by a decrease in the relative transpiration rate in MSAF 2. CMC 40 had the lowest transpiration rate. The chlorophyll a content was lowest in CMC 40- The maximum chlorophyll a content ranged from 0,96 to 1,19 |ig mm-2 in field plants and from 0,32 to 0,40 \iq mm_a in potted plants. The chlorophyll a content was high during the first growth season and declined in post winter regrowth in all the cultivars. Plant height, leaf numbers, LAI and the partitioning of dry matter followed a seasonal pattern in all the cultivars. The total dry mass increased as LAI increased up to 1/31 in potted plants and up to LAI 2,42 - 6,14 in field plants. In the first year of growth in field plants, the tuber dry mass increased with LAI up to levels of 2,29 - 3,61, then declined. In the potted plants, the tuber dry mass increased with LAI up to 1,2 and continued to increase in spite of the decline in LAI, which was still close to 0,8. At 707 DAP, MSAF 2 had the highest root dry mass while CMC 40 had the lowest. The maximum tuber dry mass obtained was 110-353 g m"a in potted plants and 2505-3577 g m~a in field plants. The number of tubers per plant was highest in M 170 (7,5¬ 9,4) and lowest in CMC 40 (3,2 - 4,25). MSAF 2 was intermediate (6,25 - 6,6). CMC 40 and M 5 had a higher stem dry mass than M 170 and MSAF 2. Except for a few exceptions, a significantly higher LAI resulted in a significantly higher root yield only if it coincided with a significantly higher HI. The maximum HI ranged from 0,7 - 0,8 in field plants and from 0,39 - 0,82 in potted plants.
- ItemThe creation and development of black townships with special reference to Lamontville Township(University of Zululand, 1993) Dlungwane, Alison Selby Methenjwa; Makhanya, E. M.The primary objectives of the project are to cover the following aspects: 1.1 The facts, policies, processes or phenomena and the like which attributes to the emergence and development of Black townships in South Africa, particularly Lamontville. 1.2 The geographical zoning problem as it is opposed to solution. 1.3 The aspiration and attitudes of Black people with regard to township creation and development. 1.4 The existing relationship between a shanty town and township. 1.5 The housing problem prior to emergence of Black townships. and after the 1.6 To show how the policy and practice of urban segregation, control and apartheid have evolved and affected Blacks in townships.
- ItemA study of the garbage pickers within the Port Shepstone disposal site(1994) Naidoo, Jay S. G.; Makhanya, E.M.The aim of this study is to investigate the socio-economic status of the garbage picker and the nature of the garbage picking activity. The majority of the pickers were found to be housed in the nearby informal settlements and had an earning potential that was far below the Poverty Datum Line. The investigation highlights this poverty and exposes the exploitation in terms of the resale of recuperated items. The items served many purposes and includes the provision of building material for "shacks".
- ItemThe manifestation of apartheid legacy on housing within the Durban metropolitan region, a case of Kwa-Mashu Township(1994) Manzi, Jabulani Russell; Makhanya, E.M.The shortage of housing is an international crisis. It is envisaged in both Third and First World countries. The impact brought about by this crisis is more pronounced in 3rd World and in the South African situation the gravity of the effects is aggravated by the policies of apartheid. Studies of housing, particularly in Third World countries, generally focus on the problems facing low income house holds. South Africa, which is economically fast growing, has the characteristics of both First and Third Worlds. Through the process of industrialization, housing has become an area of major concern. The South African arena needs to be viewed in its proper perspective because of its uniqueness. In South Africa not only is there a high positive correlation between income and race but the legislative framework, administrative procedures and financial pOlicies applicable to each group are different. Housing problems in other countries belong entirely to the building industries, the government is only involved by invitation. Here the situation is inverse. The government uses houses to segregate different population groups and hence a lot of funds are spent on the administration of this policy.
- ItemStrikes by nursing personnel : a challenge for nurse managers in KwaZulu-Natal province(1995) Kunene, Phumelele Jabu.; Nzimande, P.N.The main aim of this study was to investigate the problem of strike action by nursing personnel as well as the challenges this poses to nurse managers. This study also aimed at detecting views of nurse managers and nursing personnel on nurses' strikes especially with regard to the effect of these on standards of patient care. The study was done in four hospitals in the KwaZuIu-Natal province. A descriptive survey was conducted. Two sets of questionnaires were designed, one for nurse managers and another for nursing personnel. The total sample comprised one hundred and fifty five (155) nursing personnel and one hundred and nine (109) nurse managers. Many factors were identified as causing strikes, but the majority of respondents identified dissatisfaction with salaries and unsatisfactory working conditions as the main causes of strikes. The study revealed that both nurse managers and nursing personnel were divide in their opinions on the nurses* right to strike. However the undesirability of nurses* striking was indicated since very few benefits of strike action were identified while numerous adverse consequences were highlighted. These views are supportede by literature which makes reference to contradictory views of various authors on strikes. Two out of the four(4) hospitals from which data was collected had experienced nurses' strikes in the early 1990's. The findings revealed that many nurses participated in the strikes unwillingly. Patient suffering in spite of contingency plans for patient care was expressed as a concern by many respondents. Recmmendations made highlighted the need for participation of both providers and consumers of nursing care in minimising or preventing nurses' strikes.