Sociology

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An African child in South African multi-racial high school : socio- educational perspective in Empangeni Region
(2001) Ngubane, Duduzile Mayvis; Glass, H.G.L.
In this study the researcher looked at the problems which African learners encounter when they are at the White schools. The aim of this study is to provide scientifically grounded information about the situation in which an African child finds himself / herself and existence of racism in White schools. It seeks to ascertain what role South African Human Rights () South African South African Human Rights Commission (SAHRC) to fight racial discrimination in South African multi-racial schools can play. The first aim is to bridge the gap in our substantive knowledge regarding the situation faced by an African child in White schools. The second aim is to ascertain the reasons why some of the white educators declare African child s colour-blind. The third aim is the statistically measure, describe and explain the nature and extent racism as a social phenomenon and its negative impact on an African child's future. The fourth aim is to establish the demographic particulars of the victims an African child of racism with regard to their age, sex and religion. The fifth aim is to render socio-educational concrete recommendations with regard to what could be done to address pervasiveness of racism. A questionnaire was compiled and used as an attitude rating scale and the questionnaire was administered to a representative sample of twenty-four white high school learners from six schools at Empangeni Region. Statistical analysis was conducted to fulfil the aims of the study and to rest the research hypothesis stated. This study revealed that the African learners at white high schools had problems with racism, apartheid at these schools. The African learners move from the African schools to white schools is due to their parents' choice and different perceptions and expectations by African parents are revealed in this study. The recommendations for this study was that educators be taught about aspects of multiculturalism and also anti-racism training to all education stake holders, including district officials, school governing bodies, educators, learners and clustering of schools to encourage sharing of resources between privileged and under-privileged schools. The Minister of Education should intervene in the white schools especially in racially representation of educators, governing bodies.
African rural-urban migration in South Africa : Empangeni Richards bay area
(1995) Gcabashe, Lindelihle Nhlakanipho; Vilakazi, H.W.
The study deals with African rural urban migration in Empangeni Richards Bay area, where the concern is on the people already in the towns. The purpose of this investigation is to attempt to come up with some possible remedies to the problem of rural-urban migration in South Africa. Therefore, the aims of the study were the following: To discover the reasons for the movement from rural to urban. To discover to what extent are the migrants integrated to their new environment. To get the perceptions of the migrants about the whole process of rural-urban migration. To find out ways and means to alleviate problems encountered by migrants. The conceptual framework of the study is derived from various theories of migration, and the impact on problems encountered by migrants. The population of the study comprises of the heads of the families. The sample which was drawn from the population was 25 subjects from each area, i.e, Empangeni and Richards Bay. The survey method was used to collect data in this study, and two research instruments were used viz. interviews and questionnaires. Ethical implications: consent from the subj ects was obtained after the purpose of the study had been fully , explained including what would happen to the results, and how would the subjects benefit from the findings of the study. The analysis of data was both qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative analysis was done to verify data obtained quantitatively. In the light of the findings of the study the investigator offered several recommendations and suggestions.
Cooperatives and the empowerment of disabled people: the case of Zamani Disabled People’s Organization in Esikhawini, Kwa-Zulu Natal
(University of Zululand, 2017) Guambe, J.; Ige, K.D
The study was about cooperatives and the empowerment of disabled people. It investigated the extent in which participation, capacitation and satisfaction with management contribute in enabling cooperatives to empower disabled people. The Capability Approach proposed that the most vital thing to deliberate when valuing well-being is what people are actually able to do. Capacitation to disadvantaged people is very important in that it ensures services and assistants directly meet their needs. Participatory planning can be regarded as an instrument for identifying the needs of all persons within a community, a way of constructing harmony, and means of empowering deprived or marginalised groups. Empowerment is a varied practices enabling people to maintain themselves by providing power that they might use in dealing with issues they declare important. Satisfaction with management is determined by the work environments that satisfy the social, economic and personal fundamentals of the individual. Benefit of membership is a combination of personal adaptive technologies and modifications in a workplace attitudes and configurations can enable even those who have very significant impairments to work effectively. The assimilation of Perceived Level of Empowerment (PERLEMP), Perceived Level of Participation (PERLEPAR), and Perceived Level of Capacitation (PERLECA) showed that Satisfaction with Management of a Cooperative (SAMACO) mediates on Perceived Benefits of Membership (PERBEME). Thus the study showed that benefit of membership in a cooperative is determined by participation, capacitation and satisfaction with management of a cooperative. The study hypothesised that perceived participation, capacitation, empowerment and satisfaction with management will determine the benefit of membership in a cooperative. Where disabled people seek empowerment they will join a cooperative. Where they seek their benefit in a cooperative, they will consider their level of participation, empowerment, capacitation and satisfaction with management will as well be considered. A survey was conducted using a Five-Level Likert scale to decipher respondents‟ perceptions of level of participation, empowerment, capacitation, satisfaction with management and perceived benefits. In the beginning of analysis, responses (N=28) were reduced using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) to determine how questionnaire items contributed to variables under consideration. Afterwards, variables extracted were correlated and regressed. While bivariate correlation was used to test the simple relationship between variables. A linear regression analysis was used to describe how satisfaction with management mediates the relationship between participation, empowerment and capacitation. MANCOVA was used to test the mediation effects of independent variables PERLEPAR, PERLEMP and PERLECA. The results showed that PERLECA was the desired description for cooperatives for the empowerment of disabled people at Zamani Disabled People‟s Organization. On the basis of the results, cooperatives have a potential of empowering disabled people and that is achieved through democratic operation, where members equally participate in the daily business and inclusion in decision-making.
Economic development and women empowerment in Zamimpilo art and craft co-operative
(University of Zululand, 2018) Mahlaba, Siphelele Nadia; Ige, K.D
Development agencies, non-government Organizations (NGOs) and government organizations around the world aim for the betterment of women in all spheres of their lives. Empowerment has been considered the main focal point towards the achievement of the wellbeing of women. The study was about cooperatives and women empowerment. It investigated the extent to which participation, empowerment, capacitation and benefits of membership contribute in enabling cooperatives to empower women. This study applied the Capability Approach (CA) in an attempt to understand the need and importance of capabilities to women in a cooperative. The quality of life of an individual is analysed in terms of the core concepts of functionings and capability, thus the CA focuses directly on the quality of life that individuals are actually able to achieve. The Capability Approach proposed that the most vital thing to deliberate when valuing well-being is what people are actually able to do. Capacitation to disadvantaged people is very important in that it ensures services and assistants directly meet their needs. Participatory planning can be regarded as an instrument for identifying the needs of all persons within a community, a way of constructing harmony, and means of empowering deprived or marginalised groups. Participatory development has created the need that there should be inclusion of everyone concerned in the decision making that enables the utilization of all ideas and experiences especially of the poor in rural communities and that they should have influence in the decision making process. The study hypothesized that the perceived level of participation; empowerment and capacitation will determine the benefit of membership in a cooperative. The survey was conducted using a Five-Level Likert scale to decipher respondents’ perceptions of level of participation, empowerment, capacitation, and perceived benefits. In the beginning of analysis, responses (N=110) were reduced using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) to determine how questionnaire items contributed to variables under consideration, variables extracted were correlated and regressed. A linear regression analysis was used to describe how a benefit of membership mediates the relationship between participation, empowerment and capacitation. iii The results showed that members’ perceived levels of empowerment mediate their Perceived Benefits of membership (PERBEME). This shows how benefits of membership in a cooperative are determined and empowerment experienced. Cooperatives have a potential of empowering women and that is achieved through democratic operation, where members equally participate in the daily business. The findings showed a correlation between independent and dependent variables. The findings further demonstrated that capacitation, empowerment and participation, influence change on the benefits of membership in a co-operative.
The effects of divorce in a South African community with specific reference to Esikhawini in KwaZulu-Natal
(2003) Ernest, Michael Zakhele; Glass, H.G.L.
The sole purpose of this research is to determine the effects of divorce in a South African Community with specific reference to Esikhawini Area in Kwazulu-Natal. The effect that divorce has on both parents and children is that, it is fearful and insecure with loyalty conflicts. In South Africa however the high divorce rate has just escalated greatly and this has an effect on government funds because the government is supposed to control the family structure and a fixed budget for children support services for the abandoned children or unemployed mothers. Furthermore there is a great need for counselling services for children at Esikhawini since, there are problems of juvenile delinquency, deviant behavior and school drop outs. Our country's divorce rate is an indication of the quality of our family life. Social workers and psychologists provide the divorce court with the back ground information or reports especially where there are children involved. Children of divorced parents show an increase in dependancy over time and exhibited less sustained play then children of intact families. Children need emotional, physical, moral and financial support which are usually provided by the different organizations for example church, helpful community members and welfare agencies from the government. The state has an obligation to support divorced parents and abandoned children by introducing the divorce therapy programmes in order to reduce hatred, anger and depression to those who are affected. Welfare agencies and day care centers are available in Esikhawini Department of Welfare and pension. The researcher has consulted the records at Ongoye Magistrate's Institutions such as those of social workers, maintenance court and find out that there is a huge number of divorce cases reported to them by the victims of divorce. The study explores and describes the effects of divorce with reference to Esikhawini area of Empangeni. It also explores if children are informed about the pending divorce as well as arrangements made concerning the visits by parents who loose the custody of the children. Counselling should not be omitted per - se in due to the fact that it plays a significant role in the building up of the individuals self esteem or helplessness. The population under study is caught between the traditional and the modem standard of living because of social changes. The first chapter, which is mainly introductory serves as an eye-opener for the thesis. The researcher succinctly shows in that chapter, that the effects of divorce might affect the child's academic performance and so many other aspects of life. The researcher continues to state what motivated him to carry out the study. A statement of the problem, the historical background of the place under study, the aims and objectives of the stud}', die hypothesis. the methodology are outlined. Chapter two presents the scholarship review of the study. Chapter three focuses on the methods that was used to obtain results from the respondents. In the same manner, chapter four focuses on the interpretation of data obtained after the respondents had answered the questionnaires. Chapter five gives the recommendations and also a brief conclusion that sums up the argument of the thesis. This study has explained and described divorce as an act which affects the lower and higher socio-economic residents of Esikhawini. The study also came up with the assumption that divorce occurs more to couples staying with the extended family than to couples staying alone and this assumption was tested and confirmed by the study. The conclusion also sums up the findings of the study that this population lives the modern style of life.
An exploratory study of social perception and attitudes towards HIV/ AIDS orphans in Esikhawini and its surroundings.
(2002) Mkhatshwa, Nomsa M; Glass, H.G.L.; Mhlongo, T.
This study looks at some important facts about the attitudes and feelings of grand parents- of young orphans with HIV/AIDS in Esikhawini and its surrounding. In real life people with AIDS are discriminated by community. This is due to the lack of information about HIV/AIDS more especial in our rural areas, this affects our young children who are born with or who are being raped by the infected people with the wrong idea that says, "if En 'infected person sleep with a virgin he would be cured". This study looks at the treatment of orphan with HIV/AIDS in different age groups. It reveals the impact of living with the pandemic in our community. It is found that people who have been diagnosed as HIV positive are being discriminated against very severely in a range of contexts and environment from school, sports and aspects of service and facilities which have a severe impact on their, social lives and self image. Much of this discrimination is in feet unjustified and unfair because no one has asked to be infected.
Gang conflict in the South African prisons : a case of Waterval, 1980- 1992
(University of Zululand, 1996) Selepe, Siphiwe Hope.; Vilakazi, H.W.
This research is based on Gang Conflict in the South African Prisons, with special reference to Waterval prison, 1980-1992. This research primarily attempts to describe the prison subculture in terms of its characteristics and influence as they relate to conflict situations. Furthermore, it outlines this phenomenon as it affects the behaviour and attitudes of prisoners in general and prison officials in particular. In assessing the major impact of Gang Conflict as a form of deviance towards prison officials efforts to rehabilitation, the theories of Robert Merton as well as that of Karl Marx (i.e. Anomie and Alienation) have a tremendous influence in this study. Other sociological theories are considered as contributory to the study. For purposes of collecting data, a survey questionnaire was administered to 50 prison warders, with more than 3 years experience, drawn from the total population of Waterval prison warders. To put the study of Gang Conflict in context, chapter 2 contains the background and development of Waterval Prison, which does not justify the conditions and treatment of priosners. Regarding some gangs found in the South African prisons, chapter 3 gives an exposition to the origin, structure and function of most important prison gangs. Chapter 4, further outlines the character of prison subculture and its influence on deviance to both prisoners and and prison warders. The existence and survival of prison gangs are due to factors both inside and outside the prison. In the light of the findings of this study, the following was recommended: * The need for further research in a number of aspects, related to this problem and the service structure facilities needed. * The image of warders should be actively enhanced. Their sense of responsibility, loyalty, educational level, in-service training and ability to cope professionally with their task should receive top priority to combat gangs. This enhancement is further recommended to other prison departments, to ascertain a cross-cultural picture. * Prison officials should always be on the look-out for gangs and strict control measures by all personnel against gangs may be simple solution to the problem. Therefore, they should be able to identify gang members. * Health and welfare services as well as psychiatric and psychological services should be common functions of the prison without class interests. This might consolidate in the total eradication of Prison Gangs.
Impact of HIV/AIDS on rural community of Kwa-Mthethwa area in KwaZulu-Natal
(2003) Sibaya, Simangele Mary-Magdalene; Glass, H.G.L.
A study of impact of HIV/AIDS on rural community involves a whole range of factors. This investigation focused on youth's level of knowledge of HTV/AIDS, youth's informants and youth's attitudes towards HIV/AIDS sufferers. Literature review was conducted. This has revealed that the attitude within the community feeds on a plethora of explanations for caring of AIDS sufferers. Much research has focused on poverty. Most research recognize the importance of support groups and champion this idea to many communities. An empirical investigation was conducted. The findings reveal that many adolescents/youth understand a lot about HIV/AIDS. Furthermore youth is receptive to a wide spectrum of credible sources of information. The attitude of the community is generally positive towards HIV/AIDS sufferers. The dissertation concludes with recommendations for further research in this field.
An investigation into prisoners' awareness about HIV/AIDS with reference to the Empangeni Qalakabusha Prison
(2003) Mkhize, Nompumelelo.; Glass, H.
It gives me pleasure to present the first report on "Prisoner's awareness on HIV-AIDS with reference to Empangeni Qalakabusha prison. The compilation of this research emanates from the willingness to inform, educate, advice and guide the Government and Prison management on the issues relating to HIV-AIDS in South African prisons, since less has been compiled in relation to this issue. The report reflects on the most important challenges facing our prison society, their causes and consequences. This is done to ascertain whether there is progress, activities or means done in relation to developing HIV-AIDS awareness in the prison institutions. The contents of this report are organized and delivered in a series of four chapters, dealing with specific and different contents, under the umbrella of the main study topic. Each chapter simply begins with an introduction, which gives an overview of the material entertained in that particular section. An inclusive response from all Empangeni Qalakabusha prison stakeholders' through questionnaires and interviews form bases of this qualitative study report findings. Recommendations are made inter alia some of the findings. These recommendations are aimed at all South Africans facing this epidemic. The researcher also sincerely hopes that information on this report will be used to promote the culture of "Breaking the silence" around this silent killer of our nation. As South Africa faces the challenges of its renewal or renaissance, there is no greater potential barrier to the attainment of this vision than the spectra of the HIVAIDS epidemi
An investigation of the conditions surrounding HIV/AIDS among adolescents at Kwasomkhele, Mtubatuba: a case study
(University of Zululand, 2015) Gqibitole, Luleka Hyacinth; Prof N.H.Ntombela; T.Z Ramphele
The KwaSomkhele Reserve, the rural area of Mtubatuba has had a noticeable increase of adolescents who got infected with HI-Virus in the area in recent years. Hence, the researcher became interested to investigate the conditions leading to increased HIV infections amongst adolescents. The reasons for the continued increase of HIV infections regardless of massive campaigns that were conducted in their area were investigated. To give meaning to the objectives of the study, the sampling of 200 adolescents was targeted as participants in the initial stages of the research which included both school children and out of school adolescents. Availability sampling was chosen for this study. It is a method of choosing subjects who are available to find. The primary advantage of this method is that it is easy to carry out, relatively to other methods. Availability sampling is a non-probability sampling. The subjects in the non-probability sampling are also selected conveniently for the ease of data and it entails lower costs (Othman et al, 2013:133). However, due to the challenges that were experienced with the Department of Education in terms of the protocols to be followed, only 100 out of school youth as participants were interviewed. It was discovered that the adolescents of KwaSomkhele were aware of HIV/AIDS through HIV/AIDS programs that had been conducted by different government departments in their area, but most of them chose to ignore the information given to them. Conclusions were drawn and recommendations were made based on the objectives of the study and theories that were used. The researcher has learnt that adolescents are the most vulnerable group in our society because they are faced with the critical transition of moving from puberty stage to adulthood. That transition sometimes forced them to take uninformed decisions and engaged in reckless and risky behaviors which could sometimes lead some of them to be infected by HI-Virus. As a solution to that, the researcher suggests the involvement of stakeholders in providing the necessary support and promoting good and acceptable behaviors by adolescents.
Protective Services and crime control in the University Community : a study of the University of Zululand Protective Unit
(2001) Tshabalala, Nonozi Godfrey; Okharedia, A.A.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the role played by the Protective Services Unit in controlling crime in the community of the University of Zululand. In assessing the major impact of crime as a form of deviance in the university community, the theories of Emile Durkheim, Karl Marx, Robert Merton and Llyod Ohlin had a tremendous influence in this study. Other sociological theories used are also considered as contributory to this research. For purpose of collecting data, survey questionnaires were administered to solicit information from 110 respondents, which included students, administrative staff, academics and general workers. To put the role of the protective services unit and crime control in the university community into context, chapter three of this research contains the hierarchical structure of the protective services department, the mission statement of the protective services, and some of the policies and procedures of the protective services department. The hypothesis that were formulated for statistical testing revealed that lack of co-operation from members of the university community, hinders the role of the protective services in controlling crime. The findings of this research also revealed that lack of paramilitary training among the protective services officials results in their inability to control crime effectively. It was also found in this research that lack of legal knowledge among members of the protective services department hinders their performance on crime control. Furthermore, this research showed that the present structure of the protective services unit has an effect on the worker's performance. In the light of the findings of this study, the following recommendations were made: The establishment of a university task team that would review strategies for effective crime prevention on campus. Secondly, the established task team could also explore the feasibility of developing resources to assist those who have been victims of crime. Thirdly, it could also be appropriate for the task team to review the physical environment of the whole campus. The establishment of a protection brochure for students and staff members of the University of Zululand could also be considered. The present Government of South Africa could also consider the establishment of a Campus Security Act. Lastly, another step might involve establishing a paid student dorm patrol.
The provision of water and sanitation in previously disadvantaged rural communities: a study of Uthungulu/King Cetshwayo district municipality
(University of Zululand, 2019) Ncube, Elijah Siphosenkosi
The principal aim of the study was to evaluate the status of the provision of water and sanitation in previously disadvantaged rural communities. The study was conducted in uThungulu/King Cetshwayo District Municipality. It was chosen as one of those local municipalities that incorporated rural areas like iNkandla, uMthonjaneni, uMfolozi, uMlalazi and uMhlathuze; where rural dwellers were likely to have no access to essential services. The idea was to evaluate the extent to which these basic services have been delivered to communities that were previously ostracised by the apartheid government and also to determine the strategies and interventions uThungulu/King Cetshwayo District Municipality has for the future development of the rural areas. The human rightsbased approach (HRBA) was used with an aim of enhancing human well-being. The study also intended to investigate whether local governments were able or not to carryout their mandate succinctly as stipulated in the constitution of the Republic of South Africa (Act 108 of 1996), section 87, (to provide basic services to communities). According to the researcher, the widespread of violent service delivery protests across the country (SA), where citizens complain about the poor delivery of essential services, were a sign that it was likely that communities were not afforded an opportunity to participate in the drawing of an integrated development plan(IDP). The quantitative research method was used in this study. The respondents were randomly chosen from uThungulu/King Cetshwayo District Municipality for the study. The questionnaires in a Likert scale; (a five-point scale) were used to solicit data for the study. The SPSS (Version 25) programme was used to process the results. From the findings of the study, it became evident that some parts of rural areas which were previously marginalised have been provided with both water and sanitation. However, residents in the peri-urban were still without piped water and flush/decent well ventilated toilets. The study also revealed that there was a lack of maintenance of the existing infrastructure within the local government. The study therefore, recommended that the policy-makers and politicians should explore the underlying relationship between the level of basic services provided and the violent service delivery protests taking place in municipalities. The provision of these essential services to rural communities would leave an indelible scratch in their minds, marking a realisation of a “Better life for all.”
Role enactment of rural women : a sociological-exploratory study of role behaviour and its implications for rural development
(1982) Nene, Daphne Sbongile; du Plessis, A.P.
The study is concerned with the role of rural women in society. It focuses on a typically agricultural, grass-root community where the forces of traditional Zulu culture are still at work in family and clan relationships. This traditional way of life is retained and enforced through the most powerful institutions of religion and politics. Thus the authority structure and religious philosophy permeate interpersonal relationships giving them a character which is distinctively rural. Architecture, mode of dress, dietary habits and household settlement attest to the rurality of the community. This is an exploratory case study of a small section of a larger commu= nity, and which section represents the overall ~eneral character of the community. Although typically rural in terms of value and normative system, nevertheless it is already being steadily exposed to elements of an industrial society e.g. a money economy, agricultural technology, formal schooling and outmigration of male workers. We therefore see in this microcosm two forces at work - traditional as well as modern. The research population is representative of a traditional community in transition. The study focuses on role-behaviour of rural women and its implications for development. The research group is already partially exposed to the effects of rural development. To what extent their present role affords them meaningful participation and benefit from their community's changing status will be revealed with greater clarity as their particular role-behaviour,within their given environment, is analysed. With respect to rationale for choosing this particular group, we can argue that they are the most suitable respondents on whom to do research which focuses on rural behavioural patterns, on the one hand, and social change and development on the other. The population is neither totally isolated in its rural social system nor influenced by forces of modernisation to the extent that the basic cultural ~radition is effaced.
The role of municipality in development process : a study of uThungulu District Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal
(2008) Ncube, Elijah Siphosenkosi; Tshabalala, N.G.
The major aim of the present study was to determine the role played by the local district municipalities in the development process of uThungulu district area in KwaZulu-Natal Province in South Africa. The sample for the present study comprises of fifty one (51) males and twenty nine (29) female respondents. The focus of the study was mainly after the 1999 elections and the introduction of local municipalities that incorporated rural areas for the first time in the history of South Africa. From the findings of the study, it became evident that local authorities are well suited to attend to the developmental needs of communities in a manner that would address issues as they are being perceived. The findings of the study were also supported by the Parsonian model which depicts society as being a social system containing roles within responsibilities for solving basic system problems at the societal level. In view of the findings of the study, the following recommendations were made: There is a necessity for suitable political system in municipalities for development to take place. The government should adhere to the Freedom Charter adopted in the 1950's for the Reconstruction and Development with the aim of making a "Better Life for AIF\ The level of education and skills development especially in Uthungulu district should receive special attention. Health centers should be made available in every local municipality since poverty and HIV/ AIDS among other things, threatens the survival of the people.
The role of trade unions in industrial relations system in South African industry : a study of Mondi Kraft Industry
(1999) Twala, Mandla Alfred; Okharedia, A.A.
This research attempts to highlight the role of trade unions in industrial relations system in South Africa: A study of Mondi Kraft industry. The identified roles include, resolving conflicts between the management and the employees, improving the remunerations of the employees, creating a conducive forum for mediation and conciliation process in Mondi Kraft industry. This research confirms that lack of finance for workers to sustain themselves in the course of the strike action is one of the major reasons for ending the strike. It was also observed in this research that the ethnic factor influences individual's desire to associate with a particular trade union. Furthermore, this research showed clearly that poor education, lack of co-operation giving to union members and the hostile attitude of management towards the unions are the major problems confronting the growth and development of the trade unions.
School development through partnership in education with parents as community members
(2004) Mafuleka, Aurelia Bonisiwe.; Glass, H.G.L.
Previously in the early fifties, education was based on racial inequality and segregation. The perspective on school development through partnership in education with parents as a community changed after the democratization of S.A in 1994. Previously in 1984, parents were not fully involved in the education system. After 1994 election the culture of learning and teaching was launched, Parents, educators, non-educators and learners were involved in education. School Governing bodies were elected. They were formed by all stakeholders i.e. parents, educators, non-educators and learners. This partnership was designed to improve the quality of education for all South Africans. School development through partnership in education empowers schools to take responsibility for their own development. Development of schools is now the responsibility of all South Africans who have a stake in the education system. Tensions frequently exist between educators and parents. Many problems result from societal influences, values, assumption, ignorance and inadequate information. Since the democratization of the country in 1994 the emphases in education focused on educational rights for all. Democratization of education includes the idea that stakeholders such as parents must participate fully in the activities of the schools, regulations relating to the election of the school governing bodies in public schools. Regulation should suit all levels of communities, rural or urban areas. Schools in rural areas could benefit from community members who may have the useful contribution to the performance of the school. The process of school development reflects the values and the beliefs of the community. Educators, together with parents can organize different activities to bring about the bond among three pillars i.e. educators, parents and learners. In the partnership in education, parents and educators cater for the general welfare of the learners. Educators could also take a leadership role in learner counseling, guidance and discipline. For partnership in education to be successful all the stakeholders should be involved in the decision making in school matters. Both parents and educators should sometimes sacrifice their time in order to promote good partnership. Educators need to be exposed to more cognitive and co-operative learning and teaching styles. The study further reveals that parents have a very crucial role to play in education. Parents play an integral part in moulding and educating a child. Formal and informal education should work hand in hand. It is this reason that parents are involved through the school governing bodies. Parents should take a lead in the education of their children. Through their partnership in education, parents are involved in many activities at school. Activities like the maintenance of the school buildings, facilities, resources and the management of the funds. Research has shown that successful and quality improvements are most likely to be achieved when individual school takes responsibility for their own quality standards. The stakeholders should align with the goals of organization and should take initiative. They should persue goals despite obstacles and setbacks. When community are well developed, they have pride and sense of ownership for their schools.
Self-Regulated learning and academic performance among pupils at Qhakaza High School in Kwa-Zulu Natal Province, South Africa.
(University of Zululand, 2018) Ngcobo, Sinethemba
In spite of numerous initiatives, resources and infrastructural provision, the continuous decline in Learners’ academic performance remains a global phenomenon that threatens economic development. Scholars have therefore been interested in unravelling factors that enhance or impede academic performance. Self-regulated learning (SRL) refers to a self-initiated and directed learning process; this agentic angle of the social cognitive theory introduces human agency as a solution to students declining academic performance. Self-regulated learning encompasses motivation, self-judgement, self-efficacy, cognition and assessment feedback. Current literature on self-regulated learning and academic performance is limited to subject specific investigations, which seek to determine suitable learning strategies for specific learning areas. The present study investigated the relationship between components of self-regulated learning and academic performance. The purpose of the study was to determine whether self-regulated learning could improve, the academic performance of high school students. Learners’ perceived levels of motivation, self-judgement, self-efficacy, cognition, assessment feedback and their self-reported academic performance were collated using a self-report questionnaire. Motivation, self-judgement, self-efficacy, cognition and assessment feedback are components of SRL. Each variable provides a skill or strategy that is linked to academic success. In a survey, (n=101), data was collected using the Likert scale type self-report questionnaires from grade 10 learners at Qhakaza High School, KwaDlangezwa, in the Kwa-Zulu Natal Province of South Africa. In the first order of analysis, responses were reduced using Principal Components Analysis (PCA), to determine how questionnaire items contributed to the variables of interest. Furthermore, bivariate correlations and hierarchical stepwise linear regressions were carried out to establish simple relationships between the dependent and independent variables. The results showed that cognition and assessment feedback were the only two variables of self-regulated learning which were positively related to Learners’ academic performance. The result thus indicated, contrary to many past, studies that the perceived level of motivation, perceived level of self-judgement and perceived level of self-efficacy were statistically insignificant as predictors of Learners’ academic performance. The results of this study thus showed that cognition and assessment feedback are learning strategies that should be fostered towards improving Learners’ academic performance in high schools. Cognition and assessment feedback are two variables, which are mostly facilitated or provided by teachers. This implies that contrary to the propositions of the SRL’s agentic component, Learners’ responsibilities for their own learning outcomes may not be relevant in the sample of this study as none of the self-directed variables of perceived level of motivation, perceived level of self-judgement and perceived level of self-efficacy were correlated to academic performance. The main conclusion of the study was that not all components of self-regulated learning influence academic performance. It was therefore recommended that the teacher-learner approach should be revised to suit the contemporary classroom environments, since students still struggle with self-directed learning.
Socio-cultural determinants of sexual behaviours and trafficking in children and adolescents in the south-South geo-political zone of Nigeria
(2009) Etobe, Eteng Ikpi; Tshabalala, N.G.
The major objective of this study was to examine the various and numerous socio-cultural determinants of trafficking in children and adolescents for sexual purposes in several groups of children and adolescents as well as their parents, in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. Major Sociological and Criminological theories were used as theoretical frame on which this research rests. These include Shaw and McKay's Social Disorganization theory; Cornish and Clarke's Rational Choice theory; Quay and Gray's Reward Dominance theory; Emile Durkheim's Anomie theory; Merton's Structural Strain theory and Sutherland's Differential Association theory. Other theories which supported the phenomenon under study include the Social Learning theory by Burgess and Akers; Labeling theory by Tannenbaum and Lemert and the Control theory by Reiss, Hirschi and Gottfredson. Three hypotheses were formulated to guide the course of this study which were tested using the Statistical Programme for Social Sciences, Version 16.0 (SPSS). A total of 1770 subjects were interviewed in four surveys, while the fifth survey covered 630 parents of trafficked victims. The primal determinant of TCASP from the findings was poverty which was a function of parents' low socio-economic status. Also child abandonment due to witchcraft accusation and austere economic conditions made most children (especially girls) vulnerable to trafficking for sexual purposes in foreign countries. Based on the above findings, the study recommended, inter-alia, that governments should establish partnerships with the private sector, NGOs, FBOs and intergovernmental organisations to develop programmes that will ensure high-risk groups (children and women) are provided with good education, job training and opportunities for survival. As a result of grave implications of TCASP, policy formulation should incorporate support for further studies and research on the phenomenon of trafficking of children, to better understand its dynamics, its mutations and best ways of addressing it.
A sociological analysis of the impact and management of strike action in South Africa Mining Industry : with specific reference to Spitzkop Coal Mine in Breyten (Mpumalanga Province)
(2002) Twala, Mandla Alfred; Glass, H.G.L.
The main focus of the study will be based on strike action. Strikes cannot exist without conflict. This reflects that "strike action" and "conflict" are two related concepts. Labour disruptions have been the single most important contributing factor to the record low production figures in the mining industry in the last five years. Prior to the 1994 elections, most strikes were politically inspired and therefore little attention was paid to the needs of the workers. However, management have since realised the importance of seeing to the needs of the workers. A worker who is satisfied with the job and working conditions is less likely to strike than one who is not satisfied. The importance of labour and specifically labour relations has been realised. Labour relations cannot be regarded in isolation. There are a number of external factors which influence labour relations and have to be brought into consideration when reviewing the labour relations climate. The study device certain general guidelines for management to follow when handling strike situations. Amongst the more important findings was the fact that there must be a greater awareness of worker needs, values and objectives. The best way to handle strikes is to prevent them from occurring in the first place. To do this management need to proactively investigate and manage the grievances of the workers. The diversity of cultures in the mining industry contributes to labour unrest in various ways. Workers become frustrated by what some groups consider as the norm. Furthermore, in chapter five research methodology. The questionnaires was distributed to respondents in Spitzkop coal mining industry. Stratified sampling technique was also applied in this research to minimize loss of data from respondents and economize in terms of spending money. This method only uses the readily available respondents (stratum form). In data analysis frequency and chi-square statistics was used to demonstrate management and worker responses and attitudes to the strike. Management need to have a formalised strike plan, which would contribute towards more efficient handling of strikes. Management should be proactive in their approach to strikes, rather than reactive. Part of this proactive process by management is the constant monitoring of working conditions to see what further types of improvements can be introduces to minimize adverse effects of strike. There should be good communication between management and workers at all times. Open communication is strengthened by worker involvement in decision-making.
A sociological analysis of the problem faced by the development of the small scale business industries at Esikhawini in KwaZulu-Natal Province
(2002) Msomi, Mbongiseni Cosmos; Glass, H.G.L.
This study focuses on the problems facing the development of the small-scale business industries at Esikhawini in Kwazulu Natal Province. The first chapter brings forth the primary information about the small-scale business as it started in other countries does. It came to South Africa with the missionaries from Europe. Via the Mediterranean Sea as their route until eventually reached Africa exchange of commodities begun. The African continent has generally poor infrastructure and because of illiteracy Europeans came to exploit African minerals and took Africans into slavery. All that missionaries introduced was their concern with literacy and religious instructions Missionaries failed to develop an African entrepreneur class. In chapter two-literature review shows that there are many problems that hinder the development of the small-scale business industries that could not be developed the government. Other authors reveal that the government failed to attend some of the problems because of the lack of skills for running the small-scale business. The geographical location of the business, as some of the business is located far from the source of raw material is another factor. The competition among the small -scale business further made them not to support the communities. Thus resulted in the decline of the small-scale business industries. Chapter three of the study reveals the purposive sampling method that was used in this study. It is because of its appropriateness to the study, that the data collection was done using self -administered questionnaires. The questionnaires comprises both close and open-ended questionnaires. They were distributed among the workers and the owners of the small -scale business industries In chapter four the data collected was analyzed using tables and the pie charts, in the data analysis the researcher found that the small scale business industries at Esikhawini were owned by the single untrained people, which contributes to their decline. Most of them know nothing about the running of the business and there is a lot of competition among these business which is a further hindrance to the development of this industry. In Chapter five, the researcher recommens and concluded that the problems feeing the development of the small -scale business industries is the global problem, because it is not centered at Kwazulu-Natal Province only, but all the small-scale industries in the world suffer from similar problems. The researcher suggests that the government's intervention through forming a department that would deal with small-scale industries could make small-scale business industries to develop to some considerable level.

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