Nursing Science

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Perception of AIDS by Esikhawini community
(University of Zululand, 1991) Xaba, Thembisile Elsie.; Mashaba, T.G.; Sibaya, P.T.
The aims of the study are to ascertain how much knowledge, members of the community possess with regards to: causes of AIDS, modes of transmission of AIDS, precautionary measures to be takes to prevent AIDS, and to explore community members recommendations regarding AIDS education.
Strikes by nursing personnel : a challenge for nurse managers in KwaZulu-Natal province
(1995) Kunene, Phumelele Jabu.; Nzimande, P.N.
The main aim of this study was to investigate the problem of strike action by nursing personnel as well as the challenges this poses to nurse managers. This study also aimed at detecting views of nurse managers and nursing personnel on nurses' strikes especially with regard to the effect of these on standards of patient care. The study was done in four hospitals in the KwaZuIu-Natal province. A descriptive survey was conducted. Two sets of questionnaires were designed, one for nurse managers and another for nursing personnel. The total sample comprised one hundred and fifty five (155) nursing personnel and one hundred and nine (109) nurse managers. Many factors were identified as causing strikes, but the majority of respondents identified dissatisfaction with salaries and unsatisfactory working conditions as the main causes of strikes. The study revealed that both nurse managers and nursing personnel were divide in their opinions on the nurses* right to strike. However the undesirability of nurses* striking was indicated since very few benefits of strike action were identified while numerous adverse consequences were highlighted. These views are supportede by literature which makes reference to contradictory views of various authors on strikes. Two out of the four(4) hospitals from which data was collected had experienced nurses' strikes in the early 1990's. The findings revealed that many nurses participated in the strikes unwillingly. Patient suffering in spite of contingency plans for patient care was expressed as a concern by many respondents. Recmmendations made highlighted the need for participation of both providers and consumers of nursing care in minimising or preventing nurses' strikes.
Relapses in psychiatric patients in the KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa
(1995) Mzimela, Doreen Nelisiwe; Nzimande, P.N.
This is a descriptive exploratory study which aimed at deteimining the extent of relapses in psychiatric patients in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa; determining the factors that contribute to such relapses, and determining possible solutions to the problem. Admission records of the three psychiatric institutions in this province were studied to determine the relapse/readmission rates during the year 1993. Questionnaires and interview schedules were used to determine the contributory factors and possible solutions from professional nurses, patients and their relatives respectively. The major findings of the study confirmed the hypotheses made which were there is a dire shortage of psychiatric services for both inpatient and after care which makes patient care, rehabilitation, and keeping of the patients in the community ineffective. the knowledge, and attitude of patients' relatives towards the patients, are not conducive to patient rehabilitation and maintenance within the community; lack of aftercare services contribute to patients' substance abuse, treatment default and other problems and/or behaviours which cause patients to relapse. Recommendations for solving this problem from professional nurses, patients and their relatives emphasised the importance of after care services as well as effective follow up by community psychiatric nurses. The researcher made recommendations based on the findings.
Factors associated with pre-eclampsia and quality care of affected teenagers during labour within health region H. in KwaZulu-Natal Province
(1996) Dlamini, Nokuthula Joy; Nzimande, P.N.
This is a descriptive, exploratory study which aimed at identifying the factors that are associated with pre-eclampsia in teenagers. The study also aimed at assessing the quality of midwifery care during labour in teenagers with pre-eclampsia so that recommendations can be made based on empirical findings. The study was done within Health Region H of KwaZulu-Natal Province in South Africa. A structured interview schedule was designed to tap information from pre¬eclamptic teenagers in an attempt to identify factors associated with pre-eclampsia. A checklist was also designed and administered to assess the care of a pre-eclamptic teenager during labour. The study revealed that factors like age, nulliparity and socio-economic status were associated with pre-eclampsia. In as far as the rest of the factors, there was no relationship as indicated in previous studies. The study also revealed that teenagers affected by pre-eclampsia delayed in attending the antenatal clinic resulting in the control of the disease being difficult. In as far as midwifery care, the study revealed that psychological and social care, as well as the hygienic state of patients was not satisfactory. Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that health education on prevention of pre-eclampsia should be done on an ongoing process, while carers for teenage mothers should be given inservice education programmes on psychosocial care. The physical environment for maternity units must be improved
A case study on the quality of care for sexually transmitted disease patients: the nursing perspective
(1996) Vilakazi, Bequiet Nomusa; Zungu, B.M.; Mashaba, T.G.
This is a non experimental case study of nursing intervention in respect of students of a tertiary institution in Kwa-Zulu Natal. The overall aim was to assess and evaluate the quality of management and care of sexually transmitted disease (STD) patients. The study was anchored on the nursing process using structure, process and outcome of the Donabedian's model of Quality Assurance Process. The target population was students residing at this institution's main campus in the 1995 academic year. Questionnaires and checklist schedules were used to examine and evaluate the Students' Health Service structure process, outcome and Health education regarding the management and nursing care of STD patients. A sample of 300 students was incidentally chosen, which constituted 10% of the target population. However, due to failure to return the research tools and the fact that some questionnaires were spoilt, ultimately 230 questionnaires were processed. All the objectives of the study were met. The findings were: Structure of the Health Centre is of good quality Process of management of STDs ranges from satisfactory to good quality Outcome of intervention is regarded as not so good Health education is seen as varying from satisfactory to good. The findings of this study had implications for authorities of the institution under study, the nurses providing care in this institution, the consumers of health care at this institution, as well as for the government. Several recommendations were made in line with the findings.
Reliability of simulation to evaluate clinical competence in the basic nursing course
(1997) Dlomo, Lucky Cynthia.; Mashaba, T.G.; Nzimande, N.D.
This is a descriptive study which aimed at: ► determining the views of reliability of simulation in evaluating the following selected competencies: affective skills cognitive skills psychomotor skills *■ determining the relations between the respondents views on the use of simulation in evaluation. * deteniiining the relations between respondents views on the objectivity in handling simulation during practical examination. In 1994 the nurse educators of Ngwelezane, Benedictine and Nqutu colleges were interviewed to determine the reliability of simulation to evaluate competence. Questionnaires and interview schedules were used to determine the extent of reliability and possible solutions from nurse educators and professional nurses. The major findings of the study suggested the following: * that simulation is widely used by other professionals such as the medical profession, but is used for formative rather than summative evaluation. that most of the respondents perceived simulation as not depicting the real clinical situation. > that simulation is neither consistent, precise, accurate nor stable to evaluate cognitive psychomotor and especially affective competencies or skills. ► that simulation be used for conditions which are not readily available. The researcher made recommendations based on the above findings.
An investigation into mutual perceptions of Ngwelezana Nursing College student nurses and the clinical professional nursing staff and the influence this has on student nurses' learning
(1997) Mahlasela, Norah Ntombi; Mashaba, T.G.; Mzimela, N.D.
This is a descriptive exploratory study which aimed at assessing the involvement of the clinical professional nursing staff in students' clinical guidance. establishing student nurses' acceptance of clinical guidance offered by clinical professional nurses. identifying problems experienced by clinical registered nurses in clinical teaching. ascertaining perceptions that student nurses have about the quality of clinical teaching and guidance of clinical professional nurses, ascertaining perceptions that registered nurses have about the involvement of student nurses in their clinical learning. Questionnaires and focused group interviews were used to solicit the registered nurses' and student nurses' mutual perceptions regarding the registered nurses involvement in student nurses' clinical teaching and student nurses' involvement in their clinical learning. From the major findings of the study, it can be concluded that: A. The old regulation course diplomates accept their role as mentors for the new regulation course students, however they encounter problems therewith, with the student nurses looking down upon their qualifications. B. Some of the new regulation course students do look down upon the old regulation course diplomates. However, some of the problems have been identified as 'institutional' rather than 'interpersonal'. Therefore, the old regulation course diplomates perceive the new regulation course students as their mentees, but the new regulation course students do not accept them. Recommendations are that nurse educators should revisit their task of student accompaniment so that they identify problems encountered by clinical professional nurses in the clinical situation. Sisters in charge of wards should improve conditions in their wards/units which may hinder students' clinical instruction
Investigation of incidence and risk factors of post Caesarean section wound sepsis in Hlabisa hospital and implications to patients
(1997) Khathi, Abigail Nonhlanhla; Mashaba, T.G.; Zungu, B.M.
The descriptive study on patients who developed post caesarean section wound sepsis was undertaken at Hlabisa Hospital at the North of KwaZulu-Natal South Africa. The purpose of the study was to determine the incidence of patients with post caesarean section wound sepsis, identify personnel, patient and environmental risk factors as well as establish the implications of post caesarean section wound sepsis to patients. The target population consisted of professional nurses working in labour ward and operating theatre. The patients who developed post caesarean section wound sepsis were also included. Data was collected by means of questionnaires, structured interview and checklist which was designed to collect information from patient's records. The study revealed that out of eight hundred and fifteen (815) patients who underwent caesarean section between July 1995 to July 1996, 16 (2%) developed post caesarean section wound sepsis. The incidence remain unchanged when comparing the statistics of January 1994 to June 1995 which was also 2%. The researcher is of an opinion that there are some factors that need to be identified and controlled to decrease the incidence to less than 2%. Furthermore the study revealed few personnel, patient and environmental risk factors contributing to patients developing post caesarean section wound sepsis. The study also revealed physical, psychosocial and economical problems experienced by patients who had prolonged stay in hospital caused by post caesarean section wound sepsis.
The nurse educators' perception of their clinical instruction role
(1997) Mchunu, Sizeni Angel; Mashaba, T.G.; Mhlongo, C.S.
This cross-sectional descriptive survey attempted to:- determine the nurse educators' perception of their clinical instruction role; determine the extent to which nurse educators participate in clinical instruction activities; establish the extent to which nurse educators actually practise activities that they perceive as their ideal functions identify reasons for insufficient or lack of participation of nurse educators in clinical instruction identify problems encountered by nurse educators in clinical instruction This study was conducted in Regions F and H of KwaZulu-Natal Province in South Africa. A questionnaire was used to elicit information from nurse educators that were directly involved in the education and training programme of student nurses undergoing a basic nursing course. The findings indicated that nurse educators perceive assessment, designing of instructional plans, implementation, evaluation and record-keeping in clinical instruction as their ideal functions. The findings also revealed that nurse educators do not sufficiently participate in the execution of the activities that they perceive as their ideal function. Factors such as role overload, lack of clinical credibility and poor preparation during role-taking deterred nurse educators from adequately practising their role functions. Problems such as student absenteeism, lack of facilities, an unmanageable academic workload and distance between campus and practice were also identified as major problems that were experienced by nurse educators. On the basis of these findings, it is recommended that a structured component of clinical instruction be incorporated into a student tutor's programme, and that clinical laboratories, where they were reported to be non-existent be provided to bridge the gap between the academic milieu and the students' practice area
A health education model for schools in region "F" of KwaZulu-Natal Province
(1997) Nzimakwe, Doris.; Mashaba, T.G.; Nzimande, P.N.
The main aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge of, attrtudes towards and practices with regard to the execution of school health education as found amongst school teachers, school nurses, school children and parents. This would help to determine the need for a "Health Education Mode!" for schools in Region 'F of KwaZulu-Natal Province. The study revealed that the nurses were unable to visit schools frequently due to a lack of resources such as transport facilities and manpower. The teachers were not trained to undertake health education and the curriculum did not meet the needs of learners. The school children were aware of needs in respect of school health education that were not met. parents expressed their concern regarding prevailing social problems such as drug abuse, alcoholism, teenage pregnancy, HIV and AIDS, rape and sexual abuse and the need for health education to try and reduce the incidence of these. All four groups recommended a comprehensive approach to health education: for health education that would include all professionals, parents and children. They felt that a participatory approach would increase the responsibility of children and parents, which would improve the quality of school health education and reduce the incidence of preventable conditions among school children. A health education model entitled The 'LAPPPNECT Model was designed. This model will facilitate Learning through active participation of pupils, parents, nurses, educators, communities and teachers.
Attitudes of professional nurses towards strikes implications for nursing education
(University of Zululand, 1998) Luthuli, Nokuzola Dorcas; Mashaba, T.G.; Mhlongo, T.
The main aim of this study was to ascertain the attitudes of professional nurses towards strike action and its implication on nursing education. The study was done in two hospitals in the KwaZulu-Natal province. A descriptive survey was undertaken. The total sample consisted of two hundred professional nurses. The study revealed that the majority of professional nurses were against strikes, but the feeling that they are exploited by the employing body and management policies appears to make nurses to strike. The strong influence of Trade Unions in nurses strikes was also confirmed. Many factors were identified as causing strikes, but poor salaries and working conditions were the main causes of these strikes. The study also revealed that patients suffer a lot during strikes and student nurses also suffer because there was no clinical teaching and learning. Recommendations made highlighted the urgent need for active participation of the employing body, management, professional nurses, and the public in preventing nurses strike.
An evaluation of professional nurses' performance in the prevention of blindness and rehabilitation of the blind in region H of KwaZulu-Natal
(1998) Zungu, Busisiwe Maya; Mashaba, T.G.
Blindness in humans is one of the most feared disabling handicaps. Over the last two decades blindness has come to be regarded as a worldwide condition that is largely preventable or curable (Taylor, Katala, Munoz and Turner, 1991). Preventable blindness, however, is a bigger problem since throughout the world, health resources are mostly used for treatment rather than for prevention of disease. The incredible role played by vision is never fully appreciated until it is compromised. The fact is that, if anything occurs to decrease or destroy vision, it also alters the efficiency of interaction with the environment. The lost vision can never be recovered. The concern is that despite the fact that blindness is one of the common disabilities in South Africa, eye care is inadequately recognized as an important field of nursing. This is possibly due to the feet that eye disorders are not life-threatening. The South African Nursing Council 1997 statistics on post basic qualifications reveal that there are 455 registered nurses of all races holding on ophthalmic qualification. The KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health statistics (1994) also reveal that there are only 53 professional nurses in KwaZulu-Natal qualified in ophthalmic nursing. It has been established that even these nurses are practising in such a way that they cannot be in a position to be directly involved and / or specialise in eye care services. They therefore do no maximally contribute to the prevention of blindness and the rehabilitation of the blind. This further suggest that ophthalmic nursing is not a popular nursing sub-discipline. The great concern is that deterioration in eye function may end up in total blindness which is often avoidable through preventive and promotive care. At community level, prevention of blindness requires that simple but adequate eye care and guidance on eye health be made available within the context of primary health care (Thylefors 1991). This vital work can be performed much better by nurses since their training and orientation is towards the community and the patient not just the disease (Perry & Tullo, 1990). The clinics are the important initial points between the clients with eye problems and the health services. It is therefore significant that nurses working at the clinics be competent and skilled in the prevention of blindness and the rehabilitation of the blind. The descriptive study was undertaken in KwaZulu-Natal region H. The purpose was to evaluate the professional nurses' performance in the prevention of blindness and rehabilitation of the blind. The target population was the professional nurses practising in clinics. The sample size consisted of 50 professional nurses* The approaches used for collecting the information were the observation checklists, questionnaires and patient interviews. The study proceeded in three phases namely: (i) the pre-intervention performance phase, (ii) the intervention phase (iii) the post-intervention phase The findings revealed that both ophthalmic trained and non-ophthalmic trained professional nurses who practised in general clinics performed at a "below satisfactory" level. Their extent of performance was also low. The ophthalmic trained and non-ophthalmic trained nurses who practised in eye clinics performed generally at satisfactory level in most activities. However, on community-based nursing activities, the performance of all professional nurses was "below satisfactory". The post-intervention performance of professional nurses who participated at a workshop was generally satisfactory. The conclusions drawn from the study were that: professional nurses, both ophthalmic and non-ophthalmic trained, who practised in general clinics performed at "below level" professional nurses both ophthalmic and non-ophthalmic, trained who practised in eye clinics performed at "satisfactory leveF in most activities all professional nurses* performance pertaining to community based eye care activities, was "below satisfactory" a form of education, or training on eye care improves professional nurses' performance in the prevention of blindness and rehabilitation of the blind. The recommendations from the study were that; ophthalmic trained nurses be allocated in general clinics (at least one ophthalmic qualified nurse per clinic) to work along side with non-ophthalmic trained nurses, and that basic eye care facilities and equipment be made available in general clinics. professional nurses working at the clinics including those with DCHAC to receive formal or informal training on eye care. Seminars, workshops, in-service education and short courses on eye care be undertaken to improve eye care services. community based services on eye care should be encouraged.
A study of community genetics at Umlazi Township of KwaZulu-Natal
(1999) Mcanyana, Ntokozo Vera; Nzimakwe, D.
The main aim of the study was to investigate the incidence of genetic disorder at Umlazi Township, and the ability of the present structure of health care services to provide necessary genetic service to this community. The study revealed that the health care practitioners who come in contact with clients or patients with genetic disorders encounter problems in rendering care to them. This, they attributed to the fact that they themselves are not trained in genetics, have no facility or means or communicating genetic information to the community. The majority recommended that special training in genetics be provided for all health care personnel, essential genetic services be incorporated in the practice into the present comprehensive health care service and that genetics be focused on primary prevention of genetic disorders.
Perceptions on the impact of nurses' strikes on nurses, the nursing profession and on quality of health care in KwaZulu-Natal Province
(University of Zululand, 1999) Kunene, Phumelele Jabu; Nzimande, P.N.
The aim of this study was to pursue an exploratory, descriptive case study to investigate perceptions on the impact of nurses' strikes on nurses, the nursing profession and on the quality of health care. Other aspects of the strike phenomenon that were investigated included the issues of job satisfaction, causes of the strikes, activities and feelings in relation to the strikes and suggestions for the future in regard to nurses' strikes. A purposive sample was selected from a population consisting of nurses, nursing management, officials of the Provincial Health Department, chairpersons of two nursing representative organisations and community members as consumers of health care. For the purpose of the investigation semi-structured interviews were utilised. The study revealed that perceptions on nurses* strikes were not typical of any particular group. Similarities and differences were noted within and between groups. It was found that job dissatisfaction remains prevalent among nurses in spite of acknowledged attempts at addressing job dissatisfiers. Negative feelings and views about nurses' strikes persist, mainly because of the adverse impact on consumers of health care. It was evident that management and employers face greater challenges in prevention of strikes. Increased awareness of employee rights have led to legislation through labour laws, for example the Labour Relations Act (66 of 1995) as amended. Based on the perceptions and suggestions of the participants, a model entitled The Integrative-Developmental-Adaptive (IDA) Strike Model was constructed. It emphasises the need for coordinated training and development programmes to facilitate an integrative approach and continuous adaptation by all health-care stakeholders to the various factors that precipitate or trigger strike action. This model is applicable before, during and after strikes.
A study of clinical instruction practice of nurse educators and problems thereof
(1999) Masango-Mtetwa, Thembekile; Mashaba, T.G.; Mhlongo, C.S.
This study deals with the clinical instruction practice of nurse educators and problems or constraints they encounter during clinical teaching. It is a descriptive survey that attempted to:- (1) elicit the views of nurse educators regarding their role in clinical instruction; (2) determine the extent to which nurse educators participate in clinical instruction; (3) identify and describe what nurse educators consider to be the major constraints in clinical instruction. The experiential learning theory formed the conceptual framework of the study. The institutions targeted were Nursing Colleges located in Regions D, G and H of KwaZulu-Natal Province in South Africa. A questionnaire was used to elicit information from nurse educators directly engaged in the education and training of student nurses undergoing the basic comprehensive four year diploma programme at afore-mentioned institutions. The findings indicated that nurse educators view assessment, planning, implementation and evaluation of clinical teaching and learning as their ideal function. However, several problems and constraints (both at college and clinical area) were identified by nurse educators as militating against effective execution of clinical teaching. Some of the problems mentioned include overload of work, lack of clinical facilities and negative attitude by some nurse educators and student nurses towards clinical teaching and learning.
An evaluation of perceptions on the preparedness of professional nurses in terms of human resource development strategy for the transforming health care system in KwaZulu Natal Province
(University of Zululand, 1999) Gumede, Zanele Elaine; Nzimande, P. N.
This is a study which aimed at evaluating perceptions on the preparedness of professional nurses in terms of the human resource development strategy for the transforming health care system in KwaZulu-Natal Province. The main concern was that the current professional (registered) nurses were not adequately prepared to participate effectively in a primary health care focused system. A descriptive survey was conducted in three (3) hospitals representing the urban, rural and metropolitan institutions in KwaZulu-Natal. Two sets of interview schedules were designed for the professional nurses and deputy directors (nursing service managers) in charge of institutions. A questionnaire was designed for the regional deputy directors of the three health regions where the study was conducted. The total sample comprised one hundred (100) professional nurses, three (3) Nursing Service Managers and three (3) Regional Deputy Directors. The study revealed that professional nurses were not all aware of the transformation in the health care system. It also revealed that professional nurses were not adequately prepared (trained) to participate effectively in the transforming health care system. The study further revealed that reorientation programmes are undertaken to enable professional nurses to adapt to the transformation but these are not widely available and are poorly coordinated. Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that reorientation programmes should be undertaken on a wider scale to orientate staff on the transformation of the health care system and primary health care skills. Health service managers should also be reorientated on management skills to enable them to manage transforming health care services. A Transformation Adaptation Model has been developed to facilitate preparedness for the transformation.
A study of community genetics at Umlazi Township of KwaZulu-Natal
(1999) Mncanyana, Ntokozo Vera; Nzimakwe, D.
The main aim of the study was to investigate the incidence of genetic disorder at Umlazi Township, and the ability of the present structure of health care services to provide necessary genetic service to this community. The study revealed that the health care practitioners who come in contact with clients or patients with genetic disorders encounter problems in rendering care to them. This, they attenuated to the fact that they themselves are not trained in genetics, have no facility or means or communicating genetic information to the community. The majority recommended that special training in genetics be provided for all health care personnel, essential genetic services be incorporated in the practice into the present comprehensive health care service and that genetics be focused on primary prevention of genetic disorders.
A profile of workers who are HIV/AIDS positive at Portnet Richards Bay during the year 1998/1999 and implications for health education
(2001) Xulu, Bongekile Maureen (Molly); Zungu, B.M.
This is a cross-sectional descriptive study which aimed at: ❖ Determining individual's contributory factors to the spread of HIV/AIDS. ❖ Identifying areas to be covered when giving health education to the community. The study was done at Portnet industry in Richards Bay. A structured interview schedule was designed to determine the contributory factors to the spread of HIV/AIDS and possible prevention strategies from workers with HIV/AIDS. The major findings of the study confirmed the hypotheses made which are: ❖ Migrant labour contributes to the spread of HIV/AIDS as workers stay away from their homes and therefore tempted to be unfaithful to their marriage partners by having extra marital relations. ❖ A large number of workers in industry reside in rural areas where they receive less exposure to AIDS awareness campaigns. ❖ Workers in industry with less education and receiving low salaries are mostly affected by HIV/AIDS. ❖ HIV positive workers do not accept their HIV positive status and therefore resists disclosure to their partners. Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that more staff is needed to effectively implement the HIV/AIDS awareness programmes. Condoms should be readily available for all workers, employers should provide more family-friendly housing arrangements instead of single sex hostels, which promote an environment where less safe sexual behaviour is practised.
Perception of professional nurses regarding home based care with specific reference to HIV patients in region of "F" of KZN
(2001) Gumbi, Ntombizonke Zodwa; ; Nzimakwe, D.
The purpose of the study was to identify the knowledge and attitudes of Professional Nurses with regard to Home Based Care with specific reference to HIV/AIDS patients. Attitudes and knowledge from Professional Nurses were explored especially towards nursing care of HIV/AIDS patients at home. Professional Nurses under study were from KwaZulu Natal Region F. including public hospitals and primary health care clinics. The research design was a descriptive survey using a quantitative method of investigation. Research questionnaires were distributed to 50 respondents who were Professional Nurses and collected after filling them in. Interviews were conducted personally to 10 Professional Nurses who did not form part of the main study. Based on the findings of the study the following was recommended: • There is a need for inclusion of Home Based Care in the student nurses curriculum, so as to impress upon the students during student accompaniment to see the importance and effectiveness of Home Based Care to general nurses. • Family members and relatives should take part in nursing care of their family members and be fully responsible for them. • Professional Nurses should be fully responsible for the health education aspect to people, lay workers, family members and the community at large with regard to Home Based Care services and prevention of HIV infection and AIDS. • The Government should formulate Home Based Care guidelines and policies and provide funding for such services. The participatory model should include all other private sectors and join hands with health sectors in the prevention of HIV and AIDS, [his will include Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) to make Home Based Care services sustainable.
An evaluation of the impact of post-basic nursing programmes offered by the University of Zululand
(2001) Kubheka, Bonakele Adeline; Nzimande, P.N.
This is a study which aimed at evaluating the impact of post-basic nursing programmes offered by the nursing science department of the University of Zululand, in KwaZulu-Natal from 1981-1988. The aim was to establish relevance and appropriateness of these nursing programmes in relation to the needs of the country, and to evaluate how the graduates of this university are utilized by the supervisors in the health services and educational institutions. A further aim was to describe the biographical educational and professional background of the graduates from the nursing science department at the University of Zululand. An exploratory descriptive survey was conducted in the hospitals, nursing colleges and nursing schools in KwaZulu-Natal Province where graduates from the nursing science department worked, and the nursing science department of the University of Zululand. Two sets of interview schedules were designed for graduates of the University of Zululand nursing science department and supervisors of these graduates. The total sample comprised seventy-five (75) graduates and twenty-nine (29) supervisors. The study revealed that the post-basic nursing programmes of the University of Zululand nursing science department are relevant and appropriate to the changing needs of the Province KwaZulu-Natal though there was a need to introduce advanced clinical diplomas and courses. The study further revealed that the nursing graduates were properly utilized by the supervisors in the health services and educational institutions. The profile of a graduate from post-basic nursing programmes of the University of Zululand were mostly females above 30 years of age, married and employed mostly in semi-urban and urban areas. Very few graduates had postgraduate qualifications, that is honours, masters and doctorates. Based on the findings of the study it was recommended that for relevance in clinical situations and appropriateness the nursing science department should develop more advanced clinical programmes. It was also recommended that the Post-Basic nursing programmes should be continually evaluated and that the actual utilization of the products from nursing programmes be monitored. An Outcomes-Based Educational Model (OBEV) has been developed as a model for evaluation of post-basic nursing programmes.

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