Social Work

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An after-math of HIV/AIDS on orphaned and vulnerable children (OVCs): experiences and well-being of Thalaneni OVCs, Nkandla in KwaZulu-Natal
(University of Zululand, 2017) Mhlungu, Angel Thandeka; Henna, T.E.; Kolanisi, U.
Parental loss has a devastating effect on the lives of the orphaned children as it brings about many changes and difficulties in different areas of a child’s life. The children face difficulties educationally, socially, financially and psychologically when they experience such loss. The impact of parental loss can be traced to many conducts or behavioural problems that children manifest later in life. The essence of the study was to explore the after-math that orphaned children face once the parents are deceased and what impact it has had on them in their continuation of life within the boundaries mentioned above (educationally, socially, financially, and psychologically). The significance of the study was to provide an improved understanding of the current state of the orphaned children in their new places of care post parental loss given the assistance that they receive from the government (monetary grants) and civil society including international donors to mend their situation. The researcher’s focus was on uncovering the re-arrangement of the orphan’s lifestyle holistically after a parental loss and how it has negatively affected them. To attain the research aim, a qualitative research method was employed and an exploratory research design was followed. Unstructured interviews were used to collect data having an interview schedule as a guide for question flow and for the purposes of employing neutral probing should the need arise. 10 participants, five females and five males were purposively selected to participate in the study. The participants were orphaned children who receive support from a local Community Based Organization (CBO) called Thembalethu, which is located in Thalaneni area. The data analysis of the study discovered that orphaned children do face different distresses after the death of their parents and effects are deeper. Educationally the children have been affected as they have had to relocate to the new places of care, leaving the schools they attended and adapt to the new school coupled with the loss that has been experienced. This has yielded in orphaned children’s poor academic performance in school. Socially the children have taken a strain as it was reported that the decision of who assumes care for them never lies with them and they end up in the care of a person whom they rarely knew. As many orphaned children are recipients of the social assistance in the form of foster care grant and child support grant, the decision about the use of their grant money has also lied with their caregivers and v ultimately benefited other people who are in the household due to the overwhelming number of people that need to be cared for. Psychosocial support has been seen to be the greatest need by the orphaned children as it was reported that they face psychosocial distresses due to not receiving thorough counselling regarding the loss that they have experienced. Other children have been compelled to move on with life without grieving properly for their parents and they have suffered the effects of lack of bereavement support. Upon the realization of these challenges, the researcher, therefore, recommended that close supervision of the cases of foster care be implemented by social service practitioners in the government and non-governmental sector in order to follow-up and make progress with placements and be kept abreast of these challenges. Parenting skills are also seen to be needed by the relatives that assume care for the orphaned children so as to improve the standard of living amongst the orphaned children and the new caregiver.
Application of developmental strategies in upgrading foster families: Ulundi region
(2008) Mdletshe, Primrose Funani; Ntombela, N.H.
Social workers are expected to bring about changes in the lives of individuals groups and communities. The post 1994 era brought many changes in the South African welfare policy. Among the changes envisaged was the need for the adoption and implementation of the developmental approach in terms of the White Paper for Social Welfare (1997), which strives to promote basic human rights, dignity and self reliance. The developmental approach to Social Welfare: • recognizes the need for integrated and strength-based approaches to service delivery; • ensures and promotes sustainability of intervention efforts; • emphasizes appropriate services to all, particularly the poor, the vulnerable and those with special needs; and • recognizes that social work amongst other social service professions plays a major role in addressing developmental needs of society. This research intends to: • determine the application of a developmental model in working with foster families; • address any challenges experienced by service providers and seek to get their opinions of what could be regarded as the best practice model in handling foster families.
Assessing the impacts of government agricultural projects on rural economic development in Ugu District Municipality
(University of Zululand, 2014) Sinethemba, Mbali; Ntombela, N.H.
Rural economic development is a priority for every government in the world, whether the country is developed, developing or Third World. In South Africa, 45.8% of the population lives in rural areas and are regarded as lower social class. Here unemployment is high and the educational level is low. As a result people rely heavily on government grants for their household income. Many factors contribute to this dependency, mostly the legacy of apartheid policies. The effect of the apartheid ideology tended to put economic development beyond the reach of black people through stripping them of resources and blocking advancement in their knowledge and capacities. Hence, the developmental efforts in the new democratic era has a focus on economic empowerment of women and people with disabilities, improvement of health standards in rural areas, bettering education using agriculture as the tool to achieve the proposed development. Many policies that are based on agriculture have been implemented to better people’s situation in South Africa. They include Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP), Growth, Employment and Redistribution Strategy (GEAR), Comprehensive Rural Development Programme (CRDP), Integrated Development Plans (IDP) and Integrated Sustainable Rural Development Strategy (ISRDS), to mention but a few. The study aimed at assessing the impacts of government agricultural projects in rural economic development while identifying proper strategies for effective agricultural project implementation in the rural areas. The results revealed that there has been creation of additional employment opportunities in agriculture which have also contributed to improvement of household food security, infrastructural development, informal and formal education. Measures promoting smallholder agricultural growth can be an effective strategy to reduce rural poverty, income inequality and can contribute significantly to poverty alleviation by raising rural incomes through agricultural productivity. Investing in agricultural development benefits the communities through better roads, storage, transport and other marketing infrastructures which generate farm and non-farm employment thus benefiting not only the project participants but also the community as a whole. However, the study concludes that local regional agricultural policies are needed for land access and use by women and youth especially, in order to enhance land market development and agriculture investment. These policies should include bettering financial credits available for project participants through simplifying the application processes and low interest payments.
Assessing the role of non-governmental organizations in poverty alleviation through the creation of sustainable livelihoods in uThungulu District
(University of Zululand, 2012) Mkhwanazi, Lindokuhle Vukani; Ntombela, N.H.
The responsibility of social development and improvement of living standards for the rural poor has, in the past, been solely the responsibility of governments. Through changes in scope and new partnerships, this responsibility has been partially entrusted on the civil society which is deemed to be very close to the communities and has a better capacity to contribute towards the betterment of living standards in rural communities. This study, Assessing the Role of Non-Governmental Organizations in Poverty Alleviation through the Creation of Sustainable Livelihoods in UThungulu District, seeks to bring an understanding on the role of the civil society towards creating sustainable livelihoods in a bid to alleviate poverty. The study comprises literature from various sources to present the argument on the subject. It also reveals the assessment of the work done by essential oils NGO, Winrock International, in the area of UThungulu District. It then proposes the recommendations for the future development initiatives on the role of the civil society towards creating sustainable livelihoods.
Assessing the role of social security in alleviating poverty in Mzingazi community
(University of Zululand, 2017) Mthiyane, Dumisile Nokuphiwa; Ndlovu, N.B.
The study assessed the impact and role of the social security grants in alleviating poverty in Mzingazi community
An assessment of development extension projects by women in the Simdlangentsha district , Kwa-Zulu Natal
(2000) Dlamini, Agrineth Nokwethemba; Faku, C.M.S.
The purpose of this study was to assess the efficiency of womens' development projects particularly agricultural extension projects with the aim of investigating their administration and impact on womens' livelihoods. The central view held by this study was that the important role played by women and the potential to fulfil an even greater role has been overlooked to a large extent in South Africa. Although there are numerous organisations and projects aimed at development at the rural and community level, very little attention has been paid to the role of women and the enhancement thereof. Special focus of the study was on women only development projects as it was assumed that these projects are starting points from which developing areas can start a movement of planned development. It was discovered that womens' development projects are still having some flaws because the recognition of such projects is still lacking from the work of development planners. Essentially, the problem encountered among project participants was that of dual or multiple roles performed by women and such environmental problems like lack of access to markets, transportation and theft of produce. Training, management and organisation, empowerment and capacity building is still lacking in project participants. Basically those women who participate in projects do so from destitution. They are old, uneducated and poverty- stricken such that very little about these projects seems to be attractive and very little income is being generated from them The study revealed that an awareness of the importance of development of women has started to surface, and some efforts are being made to accommodate women and to raise them. (v) The critical view of extension projects was that they comprise strengthening the autonomy of women to alleviate poverty. This suggests that women should be brought fully into the development projects and must be given opportunity to put their abilities to full use at every stage of the development process. Extension projects must be seen therefore to be acknowledging this reality. To achieve this, womens' extension projects have to be reconsidered so that they lead to women becoming effective and efficient managers, administrators and decision -makers. Ongoing support and training is needed to ensure that the skills and expertise of women who are project participants are gradually being improved and they are afforded a chance to develop and have equal access to opportunities at all levels in the society.
The Assessment of stokvels as a strategy of fighting hunger in Umzingazi area.
(Univeristy of Zululand, 2021) Dlamini, Makhosi Charity
Stokvels are informal social gatherings formed by people who have the same interest in saving to attain certain goals. These gatherings are usually formed by friends, relatives, neighbours and colleagues with the aim of saving money on a monthly basis in order to sustain a living. The intention of this study was to investigate and give insight into how stokvel groups contribute to poverty eradication in rural communities, focusing on uMzingazi Area, Kwa-Zulu Natal. Fighting hunger is a long-term process; thus, the researcher applied the sustainable livelihood approach in assessing stokvels as a strategy of fighting hunger. The sustainable livelihoods approach was applied to facilitate the identification of practical priorities for actions that were based on the views and interests of those concerned although they are not a panacea. The study was conducted in a qualitative manner. The participants were selected by means of snowball sampling. The data was gathered using semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions in order to understand the lived experiences of members of the stokvels. The findings established that stokvel groups play a substantial role in the reduction of hunger and poverty in communities. Significantly, these stokvel groups help members to save money and gain skills in budgeting. Women were predominant in the savings, burial and high-budget stokvels while men predominated in the investment stokvels. Amongst these groups, it was found that members preferred women as members of their groups due to their dedication and hard work. Women feared to involve men in their stokvels as they feared being victims of crime as most crimes were committed by men. Furthermore, the findings also revealed that stokvel members not only benefit financially but they become like family members with each other. The strength and moral support shared in a burial stokvel mostly kept them going for many years.
The assessment of the food security on the lives of the people at Manguzi
(University of Zululand, 2013) Gumede, Nonhlanhla Florence; Ntombela, N.H.; Nzimande, S.V.
For many poor people globally, in particular in Sub-Saharan Africa, food security continues to be a challenge today. Ever rising poverty levels, an increase in the prevalence of the HIV/ AIDS pandemic, reduced rainfall accompanied by changing climatic patterns, environmental degradation, the complexities associated with urbanization, globalization as well as technology shift in the agricultural sector and capitalistic market economies all play a role in the food security crisis. This research has highlighted some of the factors that influence the food economy and related these to the household food security of poor rural dwellers. Achieving household food security for poor rural households requires an integrated approach in terms of poverty eradication as well as deliberate efforts with regards to food production and distribution within a framework of ecological integrity, with an aim of empowering the poor and ensuring that their household food security is guaranteed. The basic finding, and one which impacts directly on the household food security of residents of the Manguzi rural settlement, is that the majority of them consisted largely of households that depended on casual employment, and were therefore classified as poor. However, as a survival mechanism, some households with experience in agriculture from rural areas have resorted to home gardens, as well as initiated group gardens.
An assessment of the nutritional status of children under five years in Maputaland, Kwa-Zulu-Natal
(2001) Khumalo, Ziphozonke Lethukuthula; Gumbi, T.A.P.
Malnutrition continues to affect the large number of people, particularly in developing countries* Few studies have reported on nutritional status of children in southern Africa. A comprehensive nutritional survey was conducted on African children aged 0-5 years (n = 172) in two rural areas of Mapataland, namely, Mangnza and Ngwavuma. Stunting, underweight, acute under nutrition and lower upper arm measurement were prevalent is children of Mapataland. The average diet contained an adequate amount of portion from the meat and cereals group but had inadequate content milk and fruit/vegetable group as in accordance with expectations of the Department of Health and welfare. The percentage energy obtain from fat in the diet was very low (19%) and from carbohydrates was very high (68%). The amount of plant protein in the diet exceeded that of animal protein. Boys had lower means height and weight than girls with 36% falling below the NCHS 5th percentiles weight-for-age. Wasting was only present in 5% and 2 % among girls. Current diet intake was assessed with a diet history and a diet food frequency questionnaire. A high to moderate prevalence of underweight rural areas (19%), a low prevalence of stunting in rural areas (17%) and a high prevalence of wasting in rural area (7%) were identified. Maize-meal porridge and milk were the most commonly used food items, as compared with, vegetables, margarine and meat. Most of the children had insufficient (<67% RDA) intake of iron, Zinc, Vitamin C, Niacin and Vitamin B6.
The attitudes of primary caregivers towards caring for HIV/AIDS orphans in the Ingwavuma District
(2003) Gumede, Nokuthula Veronica.; Gumbi, T.A.P.
This study is about the attitudes of primary care givers who are caring for HIV/ AIDS orphans in the Ingwavuma area. As an evaluative research semi-structured interviews were conducted. A sample of -twenty primary care givers was drawn, 10 files were drawn from the Department of Welfare and Population Development Office and 10 files were drawn from the local non-government organisation called Ingwavuma Orphan Care. Permission to use departmental files was sought from the department concerned. Related literature that focuses on a HIV/AIDS and Orphanhood has been reviewed. Various recommendations have been made based on the findings of the study. The findings indicate that a need exist for training on parenting and coping skills. HIV/AIDS orphans need to be involved in counselling especially on trauma counselling, this can help a lot in improving the relationship between primary care givers and vulnerable children.
Care of children affected and infected by HIV/ AIDS at Khayelihle Childrens Home, Cato Ridge, South Africa
(2004) Okello, Tom Were; Gumbi, T.A.P.
In this study the researcher investigated care of children affected and infected by HIV/AIDS at Khayelihle Children's Home. The principal aim of the study was to offer a diagnostic, evaluative assessment of the care for children at Khayelihle Children's Home. Survey methodology was adopted for this research- Stratified sampling technique was used in selecting a sample of the respondents to participate in the study. Three strata of: children: aunts/grandmothers: and the international volunteers were selected from the total population at Khayelihle children's home. Sixty people drawn from the stratas participated in the study. Data was collected by use of structured interviews. Documentary sources and observations were utilised as complementary methods to data collection. Data collected was analysed using descriptive analysis. Tables and pie - charts were used to enter specific types of data and show-relationships between variables. The findings from the study indicated that the care of children at Khayelihle Children's Hume was not effective. Several reasons are advanced for this phenomenon. These include: inability to protect children from exploitation, abuse, and neglect: inability of fostering the development of a close and secure relationship with caregiver- as well as allowing a close relationship with the remaining family members. Other reasons include: little emphasis in helping children understand the imminent death of a parent: their identity; uniqueness and a sense of personal continuity especially in the maintenance of a close link with the cultural community: and failure in encouraging children expression of emotions a prerequisite for psychosocial development. It was concluded that the care for children at Khayelihle children's needed to promote psychosocial development and resilience in children for them to be able to deal with the imminent challenges of life as orphans in the face of HIWAIDS epidemic. The study recommends that, the care (or children at Khayelihle should put in perspective the underlying values advocated by the Convention on the Rights of the Child, which should serve as a constant reference for die implementing and monitoring all efforts to care, promote, fulfil and protect children's right-.
Causes of gender-based violence against women at Enseleni Community
(University of Zululand, 2017) Mkhize, Nontobeko Mildred; Ntombela, N.H
This study is about causes of gender-based violence against women, with special reference to eNseleni community. As a descriptive research, questionnaires were used for data collection. Samples of 50 informants who are considered to be victims of gender-based violence were drawn. Literature that focuses on gender-based violence against women has been consulted and discussed. Different recommendations have been made based on the findings of the study. The findings revealed that all women respondents have experienced domestic violence in their lives. It further revealed that women are physically abused which means they are buttered while others are experiencing verbal abuse which means they are insulted by their partners, other women are sexually abused while others suffer from emotional abuse. It is also important that protection of women and their rights be observed. Women should be taught and encouraged to be self-reliant other than relying on men.
Challenges experienced by grandparents in raising their grandchildren in Utrecht in KwaZulu Natal
(2009) Lunga, Ntombifuthi Richness; Ntombela, N.H.
This study is about the challenges experienced by grandparents in raising their grandchildren in Utrecht in KwaZulu Natal The study was conducted describing the challenges experienced by grandparents in raising their grandchildren in Utrecht in KwaZulu Natal. As a descriptive research, for the purpose of this study, the sample frame consisted of 16 grandparents who were raising their grandchildren in Utrecht Related literature has been reviewed that focuses on the challenges experienced by grandparents in raising their grandchildren. The findings of the study revealed that there are several challenges that grandparents encounter in raising grandchildren. Recommendations such as that, workshops on skills training, income generation and food gardening projects should be provided for grandparents.
Challenges experienced by primary caregivers in raising children with physical disabilities in Mvunyane area, Vryheid, Kwazulu-Natal
(University of Zululand, 2019) Zungu, Isabel Ntombizodwa
The aim of the study was to investigate the challenges experienced by primary caregivers in raising children with physical disabilities who were undergoing rehabilitation in Mvunyane area, Vryheid KwaZulu-Natal using a qualitative approach. Data was gathered using semi-structured interviews from a sample of twenty primary caregivers who were selected using the purposive sampling method. The findings of the study showed that primary caregivers faced a number of social and economic challenges which included inadequacy of the care dependency grant, social isolation, immobility, emotional stress and stigmatisation and discrimination in the community. However, it was noted that primary caregivers used faith-based organisations, support from social workers, families, support groups in their community as their coping strategies. It was concluded that many primary caregivers who are raising children with physical disabilities have to deal with problem and challenges related with the care that is required. Though the primary caregivers showed commitment to their responsibilities, they also faced challenges resulting in their having emotional difficulties. It was also concluded that a family who has a physical disabled child is likely to fall into poverty. This is because the effects of financial constraints not only affect the primary caregivers of children with physical disabilities but they affect the whole family. It was concluded that there are inadequate intervention care programmes and services designed to assist the primary caregivers and physically disabled children. It was recommended that healthcare workers should educate all family members on how they can assist the primary caregivers of children with physical disabilities. Social workers should educate primary caregivers about acceptance of disability so that primary caregivers do not feel isolated. Non-governmental organisations and the Government can enter partnerships in developing projects that will financially empower primary caregivers to be self-employed. The Department of Social Development can employ more development workers who will train the primary caregivers on poverty alleviation programmes. Healthcare workers should do awareness campaigns in the communities on disabilities so that people can be familiar with disabilities and that can decrease stigmatisation of people living with disabilities. Government can provide respite care such as day care centres that will cater for children living with disabilities in the community.
Challenges faced by child-headed families at Mahlabathini in KwaZulu Natal
(University of Zululand, 2009) Mthethwa, Mlungisi Siphiwo; Ntombela, N.H.
The changing structures of families and the increase in numbers of child-headed families are progressively becoming noticeable both nationally and internationally. Due to the number of families and parents being affected by HIV/Aids, a growing number of children in South Africa are left without parents who can provide them with basic needs and emotional care and support As a result older siblings become caregivers to the younger siblings, as extended family are no longer, due to straining social-economic circumstances, able to take these orphans under their care. In order for the silent voices of children from child-headed families in Mahlabathini to be heard, the inquiry aimed at determining what their challenges and coping mechanisms are. In doing so the information may enable educational psychologists to support Site Based Support Teams and schools to enhance their care and supportive strategies to the benefit of learners from child-headed families. By means of an interpretivist qualitative inquiry, descriptions of these children intentions, beliefs and meaning making were obtained. The data collection methods, included questionnaires completed by five learners from child-headed families. Some of the recommendations discussed included the development of community support centres in order to support learners from child-headed families with after-school care for their younger siblings, meals and recreational activities. Community forums would need to prioritize the safety of their neighborhoods in order for all children to feel appreciated and safe in their environments. School Based Support Teams will need to be trained in counselling skills and especially in bereavement counselling.
Challenges facing the recipients of the child support grant in the Umhlathuze Municipality
(University of Zululand, 2009) Ndlovu, Beloved Nomandla; Ntombela, N.H.
This study seeks to investigate the challenges facing the recipients of child support grant with special reference to uMhlathuze District Municipality. The government in its efforts to alleviate poverty, to the previously disadvantaged and vulnerable segments of our communities introduced several poverty alleviation strategies like the Child Support Grant which replaced the Maintanance grant. The Child Support Grant has proven to be successful as it was able, according to the then Minister of Social Development, Mr Zola Skweyiya, to put about 8 million orphans and poor children in the safety net in 2008. However as successful as it may be the Child Support Grant as a strategy is fraught with administrative problems and fraudulent activities committed by the recipients of the grant themselves. The writer's findings upon conducting empirical research discovered that, recipients forge more children's birth certificates and even boast about having more babies because they command considerable cash from the grant and unemployed parents become excited when their children drop-out of school as a result of the grant benefits. Their reason was that they find it hard to cope with the cost of living as a result of the unforeseen challenges that escalate with each baby. The main aim of this study was to outline these challenges and make recommendations towards their solutions. The study also sought to answer the question of whether there were any exit programmes designed to assist the beneficiaries to support their children and cater for their needs as they grow until they reach tertiary education. The study was exploratory and purposive in nature. Both qualitative and quantitative methods of research were used. Interview schedules that were used were the questionnaires and interviews. The sample was divided into two phases. Phase one consisted of the Child support grant recipients and Phase two consisted of social workers and community development workers and two interview schedules were used respectively. The findings of this study revealed that the majority of the respondents experienced hardships in terms of property ownership, employment, education, training and skills development, emotional and financial support. Lack of basic amenities such as health care and early child development programmes and social development programmes designed to supplement the grant are all social imperatives that they have rights to, according to the Bill of rights enshrined in the Constitution. This is a challenge for government and the community at large, if the situation is not changed the situation will cost government to loose huge amounts which could be used for other projects.
Community development as a strategy to alleviate poverty
(University of Zululand, 2015) Maphumulo, Liobah Helen Sholiphi; Ntombela, N.H.
This study paper examined community development as a strategy to alleviate poverty in Nkandla by examining the community development programmes in place and their effectiveness in alleviating poverty. According to the 1996 population census, some 135 000 people live in the Nkandla District. Out of these, 57% are females and 61% of households are headed by women. Over 14% of the population is under the age of five, and 46% of the population is aged 14 years and under. An evaluative study was undertaken to research the effectiveness (which is the outcome, importance, meaning and efficiency), the relationship between the “input” and “output”, and the two considerations being utilised in poverty alleviation programmes, as part of community development strategy to alleviate poverty in the area. According to the Millennium Goals Report (2005:6), overcoming poverty and hunger is possible because the causes of poverty have been analyzed intensively by the World Bank and by other organisations but poverty still persists. The poverty programmes to determine the nature and the extent of poverty in Nkandla, the copying mechanisms of the locals, the eradication processes which are implemented, and the level of participation by community members, the effectiveness of community poverty in Nkandla were all evaluated in this study. The sample for this research consisted of 50 respondents who were either direct or indirect beneficiaries of community development programmes in the Nkandla Municipality. Data were gathered via face to face interviews and the semi- structured questionnaires were administered to respondents.
Community empowerment : management of production and distribution of agricultural commodities at Phongolo District, KwaZulu-Natal
(2006) Siyaya, Thandeka Prudence; Gumbi, T.A.P.; Ntombela, N.H.
This study examined aspects and strategies the communities adopt to manage the production and the distribution of agricultural commodities. The research also focused on problems experienced by small - scale farmers in the production and management of their produce. The food security of the communities relies on the good management of natural resources and production. It would appear that communities need to utilize and manage natural resources properly and appropriately if future generations have to sustain good produce for their livelihood. The study further found out that small-scale farmers live in conditions that are intolerable in terms of their access to water, market and land. The identified problems limit the access of farmers to produce good quality agricultural commodities, which could be acceptable to market retailers and wholesalers. Agriculture cannot be neglected as the backbone of community survival. Empowering communities about agricultural production management is a development strategy that is aimed at facilitating economic growth. In conclusion the researcher recommends that communities need to be provided with inputs like irrigation facilities so that their production could not be seasonal but could be able to produce throughout the year.
Community policing forum : strategies of the youth in crime prevention at KwaMashu
(2005) Nxumalo, Siyanda Aubrey.; Gumbi, T.A.P.; Ntuli, T.G.
This study is about the Community policing forum of Kwamashu and its strategy of putting the youth at the forefront in the fight against crime. The study was conducted on crime prevention with more emphasis placed on community participation as is the strategy of the Department of Safety and Security. A sampling technique was used where thirty respondents who reside at Kwamashu were interviewed about community policing and youth involvement in it. Related literature that focuses on community policing and its effect on the youth was reviewed. Various recommendations have been made based on the findings of the study. The findings of the study highlighted the need for the community policing forum to market itself to the community. Community members, especially the youth, need to be motivated so that they can be active participants in the fight against crime. Research findings also indicated that the strategies used were effective but failure to communicate with the community undermined their effectiveness.
Community work as practised by the Valley Trust
(1977) Nzimande, Siphindoda Victor.; Higgins, J.B.
The purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate the approach to the practice of community work in a newly developing rural community. The Valley Trust, a social welfare organisation engaged in a health promotion scheme in a rural community is used for the purpose of the analysis and*evaluation. The study report consists of nine chapters which will be briefly discussed as follows : Chapter 1 : This is an introductory chapter which deals with the following aspects, viz.: motivation; objectives; method; and limitations of the study together with the method of presentation of the report. Chapter Z : In this chapter the community concept is discussed. Attention is paid to the analysis of the community concept, the rural community, and the characteristics of the rural community. Chapter 3 : Chapter 3 gives a detailed discussion of the key terms that are used in community work. These are : community organisation, community development and community work. Chapter 4 : This chapter deals with social work and its role in the newly developing communities. Particular aspects to which attention has been given are : the nature of social work; the focus and the contribution of social work activities in the newly developing communities; the role of the social worker; and the equipment of a social worker for rural community work in the newly developing communities. Chapter 5 : Chapter 5 gives attention to aspects of particular importance to social change. These aspects are : the prerequisites for building a community work programme; the.factors associated with the social needs and problems among the newly developing communities; planned social change and the role of the agent of change; and certain principles and factors to be taken into account by an agency involved in community work. Chapter 6 : In this chapter attention is given to an analysis of the community of' the Nyuswa Reserve. In this analysis points of particular importance are : the description of the Nyuswa Reserve and its inhabitants; the economic aspects of the people; the labour aspects; the educational aspects; social welfare services; communication means; and the tribal council as a unit of local authority. Chapter 7 : Chapter 7 deals with The Valley Trust, the social welfare agency involved in community work. Attention is given to the historical survey and the objectives of The Valley Trust. Further discussion covers the membership of the Association; the Management and administration of The Valley Trust; personnel and finances. Chapter 8 : This chapter gives attention to community work as practised by The Valley Trust. The discussion also covers the nature and range of services provided by The Valley Trust; the influence of the work of The Valley Trust; the evaluative remarks on the services of The Valley Trust. Chapter 9 : Chapter 9 deals with conclusions, recommendations and guidelines for the future.

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