Influence of teacher-principal conflict management strategies on teachers' self-efficacy in rural primary schools in the Dzindi Circuit
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Date
2024
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Journal ISSN
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Publisher
University of Zululand
Abstract
English
This study investigates the influence of teacher-principal conflict management strategies on teachers’ self-efficacy in rural primary schools within the Dzindi Circuit. Data in this constructivist study was collected through face-to-face interviews. The study utilized a homogeneous purposive sampling procedure to ensure the selection of participants with shared characteristics that are highly relevant to the research focus. Grounded in transformational leadership theory and the Thomas-Kilmann conflict management model, the study examines how principals’ approaches to resolving conflicts impact teachers’ confidence, motivation, and professional competence. The research identifies key themes, including the role of respectful communication, collaboration, and proactive conflict resolution strategies. Findings reveal that conflict management styles characterized by respect, empathy, and inclusivity significantly enhance teachers’ self-efficacy, while authoritarian or avoidant strategies contribute to emotional exhaustion, diminished morale, and a decline in teaching performance. The study also highlights the broader implications of unresolved conflicts on school climate and learner outcomes, emphasizing the need for emotionally aware and collaborative leadership practices. Based on the results, the Teacher-Principal Conflict Management and Teacher Self-Efficacy Enhancement Model (TPCM-TSEE Model) was developed. This model offers a structured framework for principals to address conflicts constructively, promoting a positive school environment and empowering teachers to achieve educational goals. The findings underscore the importance of professional development for principals in conflict resolution and emotional intelligence, as well as workshops for teachers to foster a collaborative school culture. These recommendations aim to enhance both teacher efficacy and the overall quality of education in rural schools.
Tshivenda: Pfufhifhadzo Ngudo iyi i ṱoḓisisa ṱhuṱhuwedzo ya zwiṱirathedzhi zwa u langa khuḓano ya vhadededzi na ṱhoho dza zwikolo kha u ḓi-vhuyedza ha vhadededzi kha zwikolo zwa phuraimari zwa vhupo ha mahayani nga ngomu ha Tshiṱiriki tsha Dzindi. Datha kha ngudo iyi ya constructivist yo kuvhanganywa nga kha inthaviyu dza u ṱangana na vhathu. Ngudo yo shumisa maitele a sampuli a ndivho i fanaho u vhona uri ho khethwa vha dzhenelaho vha re na zwivhumbeo zwo ṱanganelanaho zwine zwa vha na vhushaka vhuhulwane na ndivho ya ṱhoḓisiso. U bva kha thyiori ya vhurangaphanḓa ha tshanduko na modele wa ndaulo ya khuḓano wa Thomas-Kilmann, ngudo i ṱolisisa nḓila ine nḓila dza ṱhoho dza zwikolo dza u tandulula khuḓano dza kwama ngayo fulufhelo ḽa vhadededzi, ṱhuṱhuwedzo, na vhukoni ha phurofeshinaḽa. Tsedzuluso i topola thero dza ndeme, hu tshi katelwa mushumo wa vhudavhidzani vhu ṱhonifheaho, tshumisano, na zwiṱirathedzhi zwa u tandulula khuḓano zwine zwa vha na vhuḓiimiseli. Mawanwa a dzumbulula uri zwitaila zwa u langa khuḓano zwine zwa ṱaluswa nga ṱhonifho, u pfela vhuṱungu, na u katela zwi khwinisa vhukuma u ḓi-vhumba ha vhagudisi, ngeno zwiṱirathedzhi zwa vhuvhusi kana u iledza zwi tshi shela mulenzhe kha u neta ha maḓipfele, u fhungudzea ha vhuḓifari, na u fhungudzea ha kushumele kwa u funza. Ngudo i dovha ya sumbedza masiandoitwa o ṱanḓavhuwaho a khuḓano dzi sa athu tandululwaho kha kilima ya tshikolo na mvelelo dza vhagudi, i tshi ombedzela ṱhoḓea ya maitele a vhurangaphanḓa a ḓivhaho maḓipfele na a tshumisano. U ya nga mvelelo, ho bveledzwa Modele wa Ndangulo ya Khuḓano ya Vhadededzi na Ṱhoho dza Tshikolo na u Ḓi-vhuyedza ha Vhadededzi (Modeḽe wa TPCM-TSEE). Modeḽe uyu u ṋetshedza muhanga wo dzudzanywaho wa ṱhoho dza zwikolo u tandulula dzikhuḓano nga nḓila i fhaṱaho, u ṱuṱuwedza vhupo havhuḓi ha tshikolo na u ṋea maanḓa vhadededzi u swikelela zwipikwa zwa pfunzo. Mawanwa a bvisela khagala ndeme ya mveledziso ya phurofeshinaḽa kha ṱhoho dza zwikolo kha u tandulula khuḓano na vhuṱali ha maḓipfele, khathihi na miṱangano ya vhadededzi u itela u ṱuṱuwedza mvelele ya tshikolo ya u shumisana. Themendelo idzi dzi khou sedza kha u khwinisa vhukoni ha vhadededzi na vhuimo ha pfunzo nga u angaredza zwikoloni zwa vhupo ha mahayani.
Xitsonga: Nkomiso Xikambelo lexi xi kambisisa ndlela leyi magoza ya ku lawula timholovo exikarhi ka valanguteri va xikolo ni vadyondzisi yi hoxaka xandla eka ku titwa va ri na matimba eka ntirho wa vona eka swikolo swa le makaya swa le Dzindi Circuit. Vuxokoxoko eka dyondzo leyi yo langutana ni ku aka vutivi byi kumiwile hi ku lulamisa xitsundzuxo eka nghingiriko ya mahlo ya nkarhi. Dyondzo leyi yi tirhisile ndlela ya ku hlawula vahlahli lava vaka ni swiyimo leswi fanaka ku ya hi nkoka wa ntirho lowu. Hi ku titshega eka dyondzo ya vuholi byo hundzuluxiwa ni xikombiso xa Thomas-Kilmann xa ku lawula timholovo, dyondzo leyi yi kambisisa ndlela leyi valanguteri va xikolo va lawulaka timholovo ha yona yi hoxaka xandla eka ku tshemba ka vadyondzisi, ku susumetiwa, ni vuswikoti bya vukhutlo bya ntirho. Vuyimbeleri lebyi byi kombisa tinhla ta nkoka, ku katsa na leswi: ntirho wa ku vulavurisana hi xichavo, ku tirhisana, ni ku lulamisa timholovo hi nkarhi. Swikombiso swi kombisa leswaku timhaka ta ku lawula timholovo leti landzeriwaka hi xichavo, ku twelana, ni ku katsa hinkwavo swi tlakusa swinene ku titwa ka vadyondzisi va ri ni matimba. Kasi timhaka leti tolovelekaka ta vulawuri lebyi hlawulekaka kumbe ku papalata swiphiqo swi tisa ku heta matimba, ku hunguteka ka moya, ni ku wa ka ndlela ya ku dyondzisa. Dyondzo leyi yi tlhela yi kandziyisa nkucetelo wa timholovo leti nga lulamisiwangiki eka xiyimo xa xikolo ni swikombelo swa vadyondzi, ku hatlisisa ku laveka ka vuholi lebyi twisisaka mintlhaveko ni ntirhisano. Hi ku ya hi swikombelo, ku humesiwile Model ya Ku Lawula Timholovo exikarhi ka Valanguteri ni Ku Tlakusa Matimba ya Vadyondzisi (TPCM-TSEE Model). Model leyi yi nyiketa ndzayo ya mfumo ya valanguteri ku lulamisa timholovo hi ndlela leyi akaka, ku pfuna ndzhuti wa xikolo lowu titshegaka ni ku tiyisa vadyondzisi ku fikelela swikongomelo swa dyondzo. Vuyimbeleri lebyi byi kandziyisa ku laveka ka nhluvuko wa vutshila bya valanguteri eka ku lulamisa timholovo ni ku twisisa mintlhaveko, ku katsa ni swikolo swa vadyondzisi ku aka ntlhantlha ya xikolo xa ntirhisano. Swipimelo leswi swi kunguhata ku tlakusa matimba ya vadyondzisi ni nkoka wa dyondzo hi ku angarhela eka swikolo swa le makaya.
Tshivenda: Pfufhifhadzo Ngudo iyi i ṱoḓisisa ṱhuṱhuwedzo ya zwiṱirathedzhi zwa u langa khuḓano ya vhadededzi na ṱhoho dza zwikolo kha u ḓi-vhuyedza ha vhadededzi kha zwikolo zwa phuraimari zwa vhupo ha mahayani nga ngomu ha Tshiṱiriki tsha Dzindi. Datha kha ngudo iyi ya constructivist yo kuvhanganywa nga kha inthaviyu dza u ṱangana na vhathu. Ngudo yo shumisa maitele a sampuli a ndivho i fanaho u vhona uri ho khethwa vha dzhenelaho vha re na zwivhumbeo zwo ṱanganelanaho zwine zwa vha na vhushaka vhuhulwane na ndivho ya ṱhoḓisiso. U bva kha thyiori ya vhurangaphanḓa ha tshanduko na modele wa ndaulo ya khuḓano wa Thomas-Kilmann, ngudo i ṱolisisa nḓila ine nḓila dza ṱhoho dza zwikolo dza u tandulula khuḓano dza kwama ngayo fulufhelo ḽa vhadededzi, ṱhuṱhuwedzo, na vhukoni ha phurofeshinaḽa. Tsedzuluso i topola thero dza ndeme, hu tshi katelwa mushumo wa vhudavhidzani vhu ṱhonifheaho, tshumisano, na zwiṱirathedzhi zwa u tandulula khuḓano zwine zwa vha na vhuḓiimiseli. Mawanwa a dzumbulula uri zwitaila zwa u langa khuḓano zwine zwa ṱaluswa nga ṱhonifho, u pfela vhuṱungu, na u katela zwi khwinisa vhukuma u ḓi-vhumba ha vhagudisi, ngeno zwiṱirathedzhi zwa vhuvhusi kana u iledza zwi tshi shela mulenzhe kha u neta ha maḓipfele, u fhungudzea ha vhuḓifari, na u fhungudzea ha kushumele kwa u funza. Ngudo i dovha ya sumbedza masiandoitwa o ṱanḓavhuwaho a khuḓano dzi sa athu tandululwaho kha kilima ya tshikolo na mvelelo dza vhagudi, i tshi ombedzela ṱhoḓea ya maitele a vhurangaphanḓa a ḓivhaho maḓipfele na a tshumisano. U ya nga mvelelo, ho bveledzwa Modele wa Ndangulo ya Khuḓano ya Vhadededzi na Ṱhoho dza Tshikolo na u Ḓi-vhuyedza ha Vhadededzi (Modeḽe wa TPCM-TSEE). Modeḽe uyu u ṋetshedza muhanga wo dzudzanywaho wa ṱhoho dza zwikolo u tandulula dzikhuḓano nga nḓila i fhaṱaho, u ṱuṱuwedza vhupo havhuḓi ha tshikolo na u ṋea maanḓa vhadededzi u swikelela zwipikwa zwa pfunzo. Mawanwa a bvisela khagala ndeme ya mveledziso ya phurofeshinaḽa kha ṱhoho dza zwikolo kha u tandulula khuḓano na vhuṱali ha maḓipfele, khathihi na miṱangano ya vhadededzi u itela u ṱuṱuwedza mvelele ya tshikolo ya u shumisana. Themendelo idzi dzi khou sedza kha u khwinisa vhukoni ha vhadededzi na vhuimo ha pfunzo nga u angaredza zwikoloni zwa vhupo ha mahayani.
Xitsonga: Nkomiso Xikambelo lexi xi kambisisa ndlela leyi magoza ya ku lawula timholovo exikarhi ka valanguteri va xikolo ni vadyondzisi yi hoxaka xandla eka ku titwa va ri na matimba eka ntirho wa vona eka swikolo swa le makaya swa le Dzindi Circuit. Vuxokoxoko eka dyondzo leyi yo langutana ni ku aka vutivi byi kumiwile hi ku lulamisa xitsundzuxo eka nghingiriko ya mahlo ya nkarhi. Dyondzo leyi yi tirhisile ndlela ya ku hlawula vahlahli lava vaka ni swiyimo leswi fanaka ku ya hi nkoka wa ntirho lowu. Hi ku titshega eka dyondzo ya vuholi byo hundzuluxiwa ni xikombiso xa Thomas-Kilmann xa ku lawula timholovo, dyondzo leyi yi kambisisa ndlela leyi valanguteri va xikolo va lawulaka timholovo ha yona yi hoxaka xandla eka ku tshemba ka vadyondzisi, ku susumetiwa, ni vuswikoti bya vukhutlo bya ntirho. Vuyimbeleri lebyi byi kombisa tinhla ta nkoka, ku katsa na leswi: ntirho wa ku vulavurisana hi xichavo, ku tirhisana, ni ku lulamisa timholovo hi nkarhi. Swikombiso swi kombisa leswaku timhaka ta ku lawula timholovo leti landzeriwaka hi xichavo, ku twelana, ni ku katsa hinkwavo swi tlakusa swinene ku titwa ka vadyondzisi va ri ni matimba. Kasi timhaka leti tolovelekaka ta vulawuri lebyi hlawulekaka kumbe ku papalata swiphiqo swi tisa ku heta matimba, ku hunguteka ka moya, ni ku wa ka ndlela ya ku dyondzisa. Dyondzo leyi yi tlhela yi kandziyisa nkucetelo wa timholovo leti nga lulamisiwangiki eka xiyimo xa xikolo ni swikombelo swa vadyondzi, ku hatlisisa ku laveka ka vuholi lebyi twisisaka mintlhaveko ni ntirhisano. Hi ku ya hi swikombelo, ku humesiwile Model ya Ku Lawula Timholovo exikarhi ka Valanguteri ni Ku Tlakusa Matimba ya Vadyondzisi (TPCM-TSEE Model). Model leyi yi nyiketa ndzayo ya mfumo ya valanguteri ku lulamisa timholovo hi ndlela leyi akaka, ku pfuna ndzhuti wa xikolo lowu titshegaka ni ku tiyisa vadyondzisi ku fikelela swikongomelo swa dyondzo. Vuyimbeleri lebyi byi kandziyisa ku laveka ka nhluvuko wa vutshila bya valanguteri eka ku lulamisa timholovo ni ku twisisa mintlhaveko, ku katsa ni swikolo swa vadyondzisi ku aka ntlhantlha ya xikolo xa ntirhisano. Swipimelo leswi swi kunguhata ku tlakusa matimba ya vadyondzisi ni nkoka wa dyondzo hi ku angarhela eka swikolo swa le makaya.
Description
Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Education in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education in the Department of Foundations and Management at the University of Zululand, South Africa [2024].