School traditional leadership partnership in Alfred Nzo East Education District: a case study of three secondary schools notorious for school violence
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Date
2024
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University of Zululand
Abstract
Traditional leaders who played an essential role in muting the idea of the construction of schools in their communities are finally placed at the periphery in school governance by the School Management Teams and School Governing Bodies in South Africa. Most relevant literature studies on partnership with traditional leaders have been done in local government, police, and public administration. The purpose of the study was to analyse the effects of availability of a school-traditional leadership partnership to the quality of governance in rural secondary schools under the authority of the headman or chief. This was a qualitative case study of the Alfred Nzo East Education District, which made use of a case research design. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews and document analysis. Data analysis adopted theoretical prepositions and a thematic analysis approach. This study revealed that exclusion of traditional leaders in governance of schools located in rural communities under their authority caused learner violence that is resolved only by traditional leaders Principals deliberately marginalise traditional leaders through government policy by means of Inter-Governmental Relations (IGR) and departmental policies which provide space through Quality Learning and Teaching Campaign (QLTC) and School Safety structures. Policies such as IGR, QLTC, and the safety of schools’ programmes promote school traditional leadership partnership for schools located inrural communities. Therefore, only departmental monitoring of implementation of these policies can eliminate such violence. The study concludes that both the violent learners and their parents in rural schools continue to be loyal to their traditional leaders (chiefs/headmen) and regard their decision to be final even during times of misunderstandings. The study recommends that principals of secondary schools located in rural communities under chiefs/headmen should involve them in the school governance from onset, for uninterrupted delivery of quality education.
ISIFINGQO (ISIZULU) Abaholi bendabuko ababambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekuzeni nomqondo wokwakhiwa kwezikole emiphakathini yabo bagcine bebekwe maphethelweni amaThimba Abaphathi Bezikole (SMTs) kanye nezigungu ezilawula izikole (SGBs)eNingizimu Afrika. Izifundo (Literature) eziningi eziphathelene nezincwadi zokubambisana nabaholi bendabuko zenziwe kuhulumeni wasekhaya (local government), amaphoyisa (police studies), kanye nokuphathwa komphakathi (Public administration). Inhloso yocwaningo kwakuwukuhlaziya imiphumela yokuba khona kobambiswano lobuholi bendabuko besikole ezingeni lokuphatha ezikoleni zamabanga aphakeme zasemakhaya ngaphansi kwegunya lenduna noma lenkosi. Lokhu bekuwucwaningo lwekhwalithi ye-Alfred Nzo East Education District. eyasebenzisa umklamo wocwaningo lwecala. Idatha iqoqwe kusetshenziswa izingxoxiswano ezingahlelekile kanye nokuhlaziya imibhalo. Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha kwamukele iziphakamiso zethiyori kanye nendlela yokuhlaziya itimu. Lolu cwaningo luveze ukuthi ukushiywa ngaphandle kwabaholi bendabuko ekuphathweni kwezikole ezisezindaweni zasemakhaya wingspans kwabo koala dame abafungin oluxazululwa yibona kuphela. Othishanhloko babandlulula ngamabomu abaholi bendabuko ngenqubomgom kahulumeni ngokusebenzisa ubudlelwano phakathi kohulumeni kanye nezinqubomgomo zomnyango ezinikeza isikhala ngomkhankaso wokuFunda Nokufundisa Okusezingeni eliphezulu (QLTC) kanye nezinhlaka Zokuphepha Ezikoleni. Izinqubomgomo ezifana ne-IGR, i-QLTC, kanye nokuphepha kwezinhlelo zezikole zikhuthaza ubudlelwano bobuholi bendabuko bezikole ezikoleni ezisemiphakathini yasemaphandleni. Ngakho-ke, ukuqapha komnyango ukuqaliswa kwalezi zinqubomgomo kuphela okungaqeda dame olunjalo. Ucwaningo luphetha ngokuthi bobabili abafundi abanodlame nabazali babo ezikoleni zasemakhaya bayaqhubeka nokwethembeka kubaholi babo bendabuko (izinduna/izinduna) futhi babheka isinqumo sabo njengesiwujuqu ngisho nangezikhathi zokungaqondi kahle. Lolu cwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi othishanhloko bezikole zamabanga aphezulu ezisezindaweni zasemakhaya wingspans kwamakhosi/izinduna kumele bababandakanye ekuphathweni kwezikole zisuka nje, ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokuhlinzekwa kwemfundo esezingeni.
UMXHOLO (XHOSA) Iinkokeli zemveli ezadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqulatheni uluvo lokwakhiwa kwezikolo kwiindawo ezihlala kuzo ekugqibeleni zichwethelwa kude ngaMaqela oLawulo lweZikolo (SMTs) kunye namaBhunga oLawulo ezikolo (SGBs) eMzantsi Afrika. Uninzi lwezifundo zoncwadi (literature) ezifanelekileyo ngentsebenziswano neenkokheli zemveli zenziwe kurhulumente wasekhaya (Local government), amapolisa (Police studies), kunye nolawulo loluntu (Public Administration). Injongo yolu phando ibikukuhlalutya iziphumo zokufumaneka kobambiswano lobunkokheli bemveli kumgangatho wolawulo kwizikolo eziziisekondari ezisemaphandleni phantsi kwegunya likasibonda okanye lenkosi. Olu yayiluphando lomgangatho wesithilisemfundo saseAlfred Nzo eMpuma: Ngokusebenzise uyilo lophando lwetyala (case study). Xa kwakuqokelelwa iinkcukaca kusetyenziswa udliwano-ndlebe olulungelelanisiweyo kunye nohlalutyo lwamaxwebhu. Uhlalutyo lwenkcukaca eziqokelelweyo kudliwano-ndlebe lwamkeleizindululo zethiyori kunye nendlela yokuhlalutya umxholo (Thematic analysis approach). Olu phando ludize ukuba ukuvalelwa ngaphandle kweenkokeli zemveli kulawulo lwezikolo ezisemaphandleni aphantsi kwazo, kubangele ubundlobongela babafundi obusonjululwa kwazizo kuphela. Iinqununu zizijongela phantsi ngabom iinkokeli zemveli ngomgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente ngokusebenzisa ubudlelwane phakathi koorhulumente nemigaqo-nkqubo yamasebe enika indawo ngePhulo lokuFunda nokuFundisa okusemgangathweni (QLTC) nezigqeba zoKhuseleko lweZikolo. Imigaqo-nkqubo efana ne- Inter-Governmental Relations (IGR), i-QLTC, kunye nokhuseleko lweenkqubo zezikolo zikhuthaza intsebenziswanob yobunkokeli besikolo kwizikolo ezisemaphandleni. Ke ngoko, kukubekwa esweni kwesebe kuphela kokuphunyezwa kwale migaqo-nkqubo okunokuphelisa ubundlobongela obunjalo. Uphononongo lufikelela kwisigqibo sokuba bobabini abafundi abanobundlobongela kunye nabazali babo kwizikolo ezisemaphandleni bayaqhubeka nokunyaniseka kwiinkokeli zabo zemveli (iinkosi/izibonda) kwaye basithatha isigqibo sabo njengesokugqibela nangamaxesha okungaqondani. Olu phando lucebisa ukuba iinqununu zezikolo eziziisekondari ezikwiindawo ezisemaphandleni eziphantsi kweenkosi/izibonda mazibandakanye nazo kulawulo lwezikolo zisuka nje, ukwenzela ukuba kufundiswe imfundo esemgangathweni ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
ISIFINGQO (ISIZULU) Abaholi bendabuko ababambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekuzeni nomqondo wokwakhiwa kwezikole emiphakathini yabo bagcine bebekwe maphethelweni amaThimba Abaphathi Bezikole (SMTs) kanye nezigungu ezilawula izikole (SGBs)eNingizimu Afrika. Izifundo (Literature) eziningi eziphathelene nezincwadi zokubambisana nabaholi bendabuko zenziwe kuhulumeni wasekhaya (local government), amaphoyisa (police studies), kanye nokuphathwa komphakathi (Public administration). Inhloso yocwaningo kwakuwukuhlaziya imiphumela yokuba khona kobambiswano lobuholi bendabuko besikole ezingeni lokuphatha ezikoleni zamabanga aphakeme zasemakhaya ngaphansi kwegunya lenduna noma lenkosi. Lokhu bekuwucwaningo lwekhwalithi ye-Alfred Nzo East Education District. eyasebenzisa umklamo wocwaningo lwecala. Idatha iqoqwe kusetshenziswa izingxoxiswano ezingahlelekile kanye nokuhlaziya imibhalo. Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha kwamukele iziphakamiso zethiyori kanye nendlela yokuhlaziya itimu. Lolu cwaningo luveze ukuthi ukushiywa ngaphandle kwabaholi bendabuko ekuphathweni kwezikole ezisezindaweni zasemakhaya wingspans kwabo koala dame abafungin oluxazululwa yibona kuphela. Othishanhloko babandlulula ngamabomu abaholi bendabuko ngenqubomgom kahulumeni ngokusebenzisa ubudlelwano phakathi kohulumeni kanye nezinqubomgomo zomnyango ezinikeza isikhala ngomkhankaso wokuFunda Nokufundisa Okusezingeni eliphezulu (QLTC) kanye nezinhlaka Zokuphepha Ezikoleni. Izinqubomgomo ezifana ne-IGR, i-QLTC, kanye nokuphepha kwezinhlelo zezikole zikhuthaza ubudlelwano bobuholi bendabuko bezikole ezikoleni ezisemiphakathini yasemaphandleni. Ngakho-ke, ukuqapha komnyango ukuqaliswa kwalezi zinqubomgomo kuphela okungaqeda dame olunjalo. Ucwaningo luphetha ngokuthi bobabili abafundi abanodlame nabazali babo ezikoleni zasemakhaya bayaqhubeka nokwethembeka kubaholi babo bendabuko (izinduna/izinduna) futhi babheka isinqumo sabo njengesiwujuqu ngisho nangezikhathi zokungaqondi kahle. Lolu cwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi othishanhloko bezikole zamabanga aphezulu ezisezindaweni zasemakhaya wingspans kwamakhosi/izinduna kumele bababandakanye ekuphathweni kwezikole zisuka nje, ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokuhlinzekwa kwemfundo esezingeni.
UMXHOLO (XHOSA) Iinkokeli zemveli ezadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqulatheni uluvo lokwakhiwa kwezikolo kwiindawo ezihlala kuzo ekugqibeleni zichwethelwa kude ngaMaqela oLawulo lweZikolo (SMTs) kunye namaBhunga oLawulo ezikolo (SGBs) eMzantsi Afrika. Uninzi lwezifundo zoncwadi (literature) ezifanelekileyo ngentsebenziswano neenkokheli zemveli zenziwe kurhulumente wasekhaya (Local government), amapolisa (Police studies), kunye nolawulo loluntu (Public Administration). Injongo yolu phando ibikukuhlalutya iziphumo zokufumaneka kobambiswano lobunkokheli bemveli kumgangatho wolawulo kwizikolo eziziisekondari ezisemaphandleni phantsi kwegunya likasibonda okanye lenkosi. Olu yayiluphando lomgangatho wesithilisemfundo saseAlfred Nzo eMpuma: Ngokusebenzise uyilo lophando lwetyala (case study). Xa kwakuqokelelwa iinkcukaca kusetyenziswa udliwano-ndlebe olulungelelanisiweyo kunye nohlalutyo lwamaxwebhu. Uhlalutyo lwenkcukaca eziqokelelweyo kudliwano-ndlebe lwamkeleizindululo zethiyori kunye nendlela yokuhlalutya umxholo (Thematic analysis approach). Olu phando ludize ukuba ukuvalelwa ngaphandle kweenkokeli zemveli kulawulo lwezikolo ezisemaphandleni aphantsi kwazo, kubangele ubundlobongela babafundi obusonjululwa kwazizo kuphela. Iinqununu zizijongela phantsi ngabom iinkokeli zemveli ngomgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente ngokusebenzisa ubudlelwane phakathi koorhulumente nemigaqo-nkqubo yamasebe enika indawo ngePhulo lokuFunda nokuFundisa okusemgangathweni (QLTC) nezigqeba zoKhuseleko lweZikolo. Imigaqo-nkqubo efana ne- Inter-Governmental Relations (IGR), i-QLTC, kunye nokhuseleko lweenkqubo zezikolo zikhuthaza intsebenziswanob yobunkokeli besikolo kwizikolo ezisemaphandleni. Ke ngoko, kukubekwa esweni kwesebe kuphela kokuphunyezwa kwale migaqo-nkqubo okunokuphelisa ubundlobongela obunjalo. Uphononongo lufikelela kwisigqibo sokuba bobabini abafundi abanobundlobongela kunye nabazali babo kwizikolo ezisemaphandleni bayaqhubeka nokunyaniseka kwiinkokeli zabo zemveli (iinkosi/izibonda) kwaye basithatha isigqibo sabo njengesokugqibela nangamaxesha okungaqondani. Olu phando lucebisa ukuba iinqununu zezikolo eziziisekondari ezikwiindawo ezisemaphandleni eziphantsi kweenkosi/izibonda mazibandakanye nazo kulawulo lwezikolo zisuka nje, ukwenzela ukuba kufundiswe imfundo esemgangathweni ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
Description
Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Education in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education in the Department of Educational Foundations and Management at the University of Zululand, South Africa [2024].