Browsing by Author "Ndlangamandla, Valencia Vuyisile"

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    Morpho-agronomic and genetic variation and segregation patterns of phaseolus vulgaris landraces from selected provinces of South Africa
    (University of Zululand, 2021) Ndlangamandla, Valencia Vuyisile
    Phaseolus vulgaris L. (dry beans) of Central American origin is a self-pollinating crop with a low frequency of crossing. It is planted for its edible leaves, immature pods, and dried seeds throughout the world. In South Africa, local communities grow a variety of P. vulgaris landraces. Landraces are significant for breeding purposes because they contain important germplasm. However, studies on variation in morphology and genetics among P. vulgaris landraces are limited in South Africa. Thus, this study aimed to determine the morpho-agronomic and genetic variations among P. vulgaris landraces. P. vulgaris landraces collected from the various rural communities of four selected provinces in South Africa were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications over two seasons. Significant variations were recorded in germination percentages, vegetative and reproductive traits. The vegetative and reproductive traits correlated positively with each other, and with both traits. The first five informative principal components explained 88.749% and 91.678% of the total variation in the morpho-agronomic and segregation patterns, respectively. The landraces were clustered in a biplot and dendrogram based on their seed coats, shape, similar morpho-agronomic traits, and their area of origin. The 12 parents of P. vulgaris produced offspring that are different from their parents in seed colour, shape, and size. The genetic diversity analysis with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers revealed the range of genetic diversity, observed heterozygosity, and polymorphic information content as 0.00–0.65, 0.00–0.05, and 0.00–0.58, respectively. The population structure divided the 40 landraces into two subpopulations namely Mesoamerican and Andean gene pools. Although there was considerable overlap among the landraces, numerous Mesoamerican landraces carried certain seed features or genes from the Andean gene pool, indicating a significant amount of mixing. Although, the populations showed an overlap among the landraces as several from the Mesoamerican group carried some seed traits or genes from the Andean gene pool, as they showed a high level of admixture. The grouping of landraces in a principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and dendrogram had a similar clustering to the population structure. The landraces demonstrating admixture were also grouped in the same cluster (dendrogram) and similar quadrants (PCoA). The findings of the variance in morpho-agronomic and genetics of P. vulgaris landraces can be used to improve, conserve them, and increase their productivity.