Browsing by Author "Mlambo, Halalisani Victor"

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    An assessment of the causes and implications of brain drain on South Africa’s socio-economic development: the case study of the Higher Education and Health Sectors
    (University of Zululand, 2017) Mlambo, Halalisani Victor
    Countries around the world have continuously invested billions in educating their citizens, with the hope that the skills and knowledge acquired through education will help increase the country’s productivity and contribute to the sustainability of economic growth. But over the years, globalization has resulted in the increase in the demand and competition for skilled workers around the world. In South Africa, the higher education and health sector have been adversely affected by emigrating skilled professionals; South Africa is characterized by high levels of brain drain owing to many socio-economic factors. Fortunately for South Africa, highly skilled foreign nationals (especially from Africa) have continued to view South Africa a favourable destination. This study aims to assess the causes and implications of brain drain and how it has affected South Africa’s socio-economic development with reference to the health and higher education sectors. The main research problem focused on what causes South Africans to migrate; the pull and push factors, and what has been the implication for South Africa’s socio-economic development. Using secondary data, the study combed through various sources of information pertaining to the theme of the study, various sources such as, books, Journals, online accredited publications where used to garner the data needed for the successful completion of the study. Results indicated that the push factors driving South Africans to migrate include: increased crime levels, lack of law and order, government corruption and better economic opportunities offered in other countries. The study also found that skilled foreign nationals (Mainly from Africa) have contributed extensively to the socio- economic development of the country. The study also suggested that, government together with civil society need to come together to devise strategies on how to reduce brain drain in the country, to achieve this, the study suggests, the development of a South African green card lottery program, an increase in investments and funding for higher education, the training of competent health workers, A comprehensible immigration policy and an Increase in public-private collaboration maybe some ways which can help fight brain drain in South Africa.
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    A tech-centric border as a strategy in managing illegal cross border migration and cross border crime in South Africa with special focus on the Kosi Bay and Golela border posts.
    (University of Zululand, 2021) Mlambo, Halalisani Victor
    South Africa’s Kosi Bay and Golela Border posts, just like other land border posts in South Africa, have continued to suffer from increasing volumes of illegal migration and cross-border crime. Globally, trends in managing similar challenges include the introduction of tech-centric borders (technology/surveillance in borders). A sample of 15 experts who have researched extensively on migration and border security in South Africa and beyond was used to investigate whether techcentric borders were feasible and necessary for the two borders and if this would amount to border securitisation and militarization. Semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were used to collect data and thematic content analysis was done on Nvivo 12 as part of data analysis. The first theme identified the benefits and need for tech-centric borders including crime, corruption detection and prevention as well as increased human resources efficiency. The second theme centred on challenges in implementing smart border technologies, namely financial and resources challenges, technology-related challenges and notions of community relations among Africans. The third theme was border management issues related to illegal migration and cross border crime. These include logistics, corruption and policy management. The fourth theme was the need to address the roots of illegal migration vis-à-vis cross border crime as against focusing on border securitization as all-encompassing solutions. The study recommends an integrated framework that includes not only the implementation of a tech-centric border but also resolving internal weaknesses in border control entities (corrupt behaviour, low staff commitment, limited knowledge on immigration policies and misaligned immigration policies). The framework also addresses geopolitical, economic and trade imbalances as root causes of illegal migration and cross-border crimes and recommends increased collaboration between South Africa and regional bodies in immigration management and cross-border crime prevention.