Browsing by Author "Cramer, Duncan"

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    Neurophysiologic, phenomenological, cultural, social and spiritual correlates of empathy experiences : integral psychological and person centered perspectives
    (University of Zululand, 2011-01) Edwards, Steve; Cramer, Duncan; Kelaiditis, Dimitri; Edwards, David; Naidoo, Nira; Davidson, Dale; Thwala, Jabu; Mbhele, Buyi; Siyaya, Vusi; Singh, Ashmin; Tshabalala, Pumelela; Nzima, Dumisani; Govender, Sumeshni
    The main objective of this research was to explore neurophysiologic, phenomenological, cultural and social correlates of recipients’ experiences of empathy within the context of Wilber’s Integral approach and Person Centered theory and practice. Thirteen psychologists participated as co-researchers in a triangulated, within subjects’ post-test experimental design in which empathy data were compared with data from control conditions of factual information processing and rest. A consistent pattern emerged from data gathered. Empathy experiences were associated with an unexpected, statistically significant increase in alpha activity, with some associated increasing trends in theta and beta activity. Expected findings were significant decreases in delta activity accompanied by decreasing trends in gamma wave activity, muscle tension, heart and respiration rate. Individual experiences generally reflected an affective, interpersonal, cultural, social and spiritual state of normal waking consciousness. Participant consensus was that the neurophysiologic and other correlates corresponded truthfully with typical empathic moments, insights and/or peak experiences, which are associated with effective therapeutic change in traditional and contemporary healing contexts.