'n Kognitiewe benadering tot tydsmarkering in Afrikaans

Abstract

Engl: = The aim of this dissertation was to give an overview of work done on the grammatical expression of time in Afrikaans, and to show that the Cognitive Rhetoric, as a relatively new field of study, offers analytical tools that can account for problems being encountered with time expression which cannot be successfully dealt with through traditional methods of analysis and description. A descriptive framework was developed based on the cognitive approach of mental spaces, which has as basic principle the view that the semantic structure of a language is a reflection of a person's conscious experience of a physical, social and linguistic world, which allows for time to be metaphorically viewed as space. Thus time can be viewed as a container in which past, present and future are locked up in still smaller containers. These containers function as mental spaces, which are partial renderings of logical, coherent situations or potential realities in which time moves as a mover or a manipulator. An important tenet of the analytical framework which has been developed, is that a mental space for the present tense is regarded as man's primary field of experience, and as the cognitive point of departure from where he metaphorically projects to a past tense mental space or a future tense mental space. Within a particular mental space there is contained a sequence of events which are marked for the same tense; when a shift in time occurs, a new mental space is opened for the new time frame. The mental spaces approach has been utilized to show how time is used as a background-organizing mechanism for the analysis and description of tense in everyday discourse as well as a fictional narrative text. Afrik: = Die doelwit van hierdie dissertasie was om deur middel van bronverkenning 'n oorsig te bied van werk wat in Afrikaans gedoen is oor tydsvergestalting, en om aan te dui dat die Kognitiewe Retoriek, as opkomende studiegebied, ontledingsmeganismes bied vir probleme met tydsmarkering wat nie deur tradisionele metodes van ontleding en beskrywing opgelos kan word nie.

'n Ontledingsraamwerk gebaseer op die kognitiewe dinkruimbenadering is ontwikkel wat voorsiening maak vir die beginsel dat die semantiese struktuur van 'n taal 'n mens se bewussyn van 'n fisiese, sosiale en taalkundige wereld reflekteer, sodat tyd metafories as ruimte herbedink word. Hiervolgens word tyd as ln houer gesien waarbinne tydskonsepte soos hede, verlede en toekoms as kleiner houers opgesluit le*. Hierdie houers funksioneer as dinkruime, wat gedeeltelike weergawes is van logiese, samehangende situasies of potensiele werklikhede waarbinne tyd as 'n beweger en *n manipuleerder optree.

*n Basiese vertrekpunt van die ontledingsraamwerk wat ontwikkel is, behels dat 'n dinkruim vir die teenwoordigetyd as die prim ere belewingsruim van die mens beskou word, en as die kognitiewe vertrekpunt vanwaar hy metafories projekteer na *n verledetyddinkruim of 'n toekomstigetyddinkruim. Binne 'n bepaalde dinkruim is daar 'n sekwensie van gebeurerame wat vir dieselfde tyd gemerk is; sodra *n tydskuif plaasvind, word 'n nuwe dinkruim oopgemaak vir die nuwe tydraam.

Die dinkruimbenadering is benut om aan te toon hoe tyd as agtergrond-organiserende meganisme gebruik word om tyd in alledaagse diskoers asook in narratiewe tekste te ontleed.