Juridical analysis and critical evaluation of ilobolo in a changing Zulu society

Abstract
Four years ago I had the rare honour of being requested to be an umkhongi in three separate marriage negotiations. In the course of these negotiations I was particularly struck by the zeal with which ilobolo was demanded and by the disparity in the amounts demanded. Although I was no stranger to ilobolo, this set me thinking as to what is the significance of ilobolo in both the traditional and modern Zulu society. Here was sown the seeds that gave rise to the present research. It is a modest attempt at examining the position of ilobolo today in its historical perspective and in a society that 1s in transition. Although various contributions on ilobolo have been made by eminent authors, it is a contribution from one who has not only studied the institution but who is also part of the community that practices it. It is hoped that it will add another dimension to the existing literature on this eminent institution. The approach followed here is eminently jural and comparative although recourse is also had to the popular views owing to the limitations of the jural approach. To deviate a little: there are two mistaken assumptions which are often held in relation to a person who shows interest in the scientific study of customary law: one is that customary law is either dead or should be allowed to die natural death. Concern with it is regarded as merely an academic Exercise of little or no value; the other assumption is that interest in the systematic study of customary law lends inadvertent support to the government's policy of entrenching tribalism and of wanting the "Natives" to live according to "Native law". In answer to this the words of Ramolefe (AMR Ramolefe "Sesotho marriage, guardianship and the customary heir" in M Gluckman (ed) Ideas and procedures in African customary law (1969) 197) are particularly appropriate; "Customary law is now my devoted study, not because I willed it so, nor because I am one with those who bleat: 'Let the natives develop along their own lines; but because up in the Maluti Mountains, and in several pockets of lowland-dwellers custom is very much still ~ law and no amount of contempt for it by others can alter this fact". Customary law is still very much alive. Even blacks who are westernized are in varying degrees subject to customary law. The institution of ilobolo is ample evidence of this. Even if a black marries by civil rights that marriage will not in all respects produce consequences similar to those for a marriage of a white person. On all these blacks need legal advice. History has proved that a legal system of a people does not become extinguished by acculturation. Although many institutions may die and decay, others are resilient and the society can only build its legal system on them. The present Roman-Dutch law which is the common~ law of South Africa is a classic example. It is a synthesis of two legal systems: Roman law and Germanic customary law. Their synthesis was precipitated by the hard labours of the jurists of the Middle Ages, the Glossators and Post-Glossators. It is the duty of lawyers to facilitate a new legal dispensation for Southern Africa. What is more, customary law is changing. It is the duty of the lawyers to give effect in the law to these changes by giving decisions that will update customary law and by drafting legislation to modify the existing law. This obviously requires a scientific study of customary law. It was in this spirit that the present research was undertaken.
Description
A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Law in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor Legum in the Department of Zulu Law at the University of Zululand, 1983.
Keywords
Zulu (African people)--Social life and customs., Zulu (African people)--Marriage customs and rites., Ilobolo
Citation
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