Time Series Analysis of MODIS-Derived NDVI for the Hluhluwe-Imfolozi Park, South Africa: Impact of Recent Intense Drought
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Date
2018-11-30
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Publisher
MDPI
Abstract
The variability of temperature and precipitation influenced by El Niño-Southern Oscillation
(ENSO) is potentially one of key factors contributing to vegetation product in southern Africa.
Thus, understanding large-scale ocean–atmospheric phenomena like the ENSO and Indian Ocean
Dipole/Dipole Mode Index (DMI) is important. In this study, 16 years (2002–2017) of Moderate
Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra/Aqua 16-day normalized difference vegetation
index (NDVI), extracted and processed using JavaScript code editor in the Google Earth Engine (GEE)
platform was used to analyze the vegetation response pattern of the oldest proclaimed nature reserve
in Africa, the Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park (HiP) to climatic variability. The MODIS enhanced vegetation
index (EVI), burned area index (BAI), and normalized difference infrared index (NDII) were also
analyzed. The study used the Modern Retrospective Analysis for the Research Application (MERRA)
model monthly mean soil temperature and precipitations. The Global Land Data Assimilation System
(GLDAS) evapotranspiration (ET) data were used to investigate the HiP vegetation water stress.
The region in the southern part of the HiP which has land cover dominated by savanna experienced
the most impact of the strong El Niño. Both the HiP NDVI inter-annual Mann–Kendal trend test
and sequential Mann–Kendall (SQ-MK) test indicated a significant downward trend during the El
Niño years of 2003 and 2014–2015. The SQ-MK significant trend turning point which was thought to
be associated with the 2014–2015 El Niño periods begun in November 2012. The wavelet coherence
and coherence phase indicated a positive teleconnection/correlation between soil temperatures,
precipitation, soil moisture (NDII), and ET. This was explained by a dominant in-phase relationship
between the NDVI and climatic parameters especially at a period band of 8–16 months.
Description
Peer reviewed article published under Climate Journal, Volume 6 Issue 4
Keywords
drought, time series analysis, Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, Google Earth Engine, NDVI, wavelet
Citation
Mbatha, N. and Xulu, S., 2018. Time Series Analysis of MODIS-Derived NDVI for the Hluhluwe-Imfolozi Park, South Africa: Impact of Recent Intense Drought. Climate, 6(4), p.95.